Tag: READING

what digital learning might look like document

What Digital Learning Might Look Like – Education Scotland

The aim of the document is to provide examples of learning activities and how they can be incorporated into a range of contexts at early, first and second level.

The document lists the experiences and outcomes in the left-hand column with suggested learning activities in the right-hand column.

These examples are not exhaustive and are only to illustrate how educators can include the digital literacy and computing science experiences and outcomes into cross-curricular contexts.

Improvement questions

  1. How confident are you that the experiences you are providing for learners allow them to develop the skills, knowledge and understanding outlined in the curriculum guidance?
  2. Do you know the level of digital literacy learners come to you with?
  3. How confident are you when using digital technology in your lessons?
  4. How well do your learners make use of high-quality resources and equipment, including digital technologies?

promoting effective computing pedagogy

Promoting Effective Computing Science Pedagogy – The National Centre for Computing Education

The National Centre for Computing Education (NCCE) have created 12 pedagogy principles for teaching computing science.   

 

You can download a handy classroom poster featuring all 12 pedagogical principles, to act as a quick reminder for busy teachers. 

 

The National Centre for Computing Education promotes effective pedagogy in a number of ways 

Everyone Can Code

When you teach code, you’re also teaching logic, creativity, and problem solving—skills all students need for the future. The Everyone Can Code curriculum from Apple introduces students to the world of coding through interactive puzzles, playful characters, and activities for both in and out of the classroom. And from the start, they’ll learn to code in Swift, the same programming language used by professionals to build powerful apps.

Everyone Can Code is a set of free resources built around the Swift Playgrounds app that inspires students to code and solve real-world challenges. It includes teacher and student guides that offer flexible, engaging lessons designed to work for an hour or an academic year.  There are complementary Swift Coding Club materials for after school clubs.  App showcases give aspiring coders a chance to celebrate their ingenuity with the community, whether they’re learning in or out of the classroom.

 

Learn more about Swift Playgrounds

View the Everyone Can Code curriculum

Visit Everyone Can Code

Online platforms and programmable devices on iPad

UPCOMING APPLE WEBINARS

PRIMM: A STRUCTURE FOR PROGRAMMING LESSONS – TEACH COMPUTING

PRIMM is an approach that can help teachers structure lessons in programming. PRIMM stands for Predict, Run, Investigate, Modify and Make, representing different stages of a lesson, or series of lessons. PRIMM promotes discussion between learners about how programs work, and the use of starter programs to encourage the reading of code before writing.

 

Quick Read: Using PRIMM to structure programming lessons (teachcomputing.org)

INDUSTRY IN THE CLASSROOM WITH SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SCOTLAND

Skills Development Scotland have been working with people in the cyber security sector, who have unique real-world experience to share with our young people, to show them what it’s really like to work in tech. This is a great opportunity to inspire the “digital humans” of the future. Taking authentic experience of working in the digital world into the classroom gives pupils a unique chance to learn more from a seasoned professional.

By talking about their role, what they do in their job, answering students’ questions about working in tech, as well as running a live engaging tech related activity/workshop/lesson they will help pupils to understand the digital world better. Not only that, but by talking about the other teams they work with, they can introduce them to the huge variety of roles in the tech industry.

If you would like to invite industry to virtually engage with your pupils, then get in touch with Debbie McCutcheon at Skills Development Scotland.

debbie.mccutcheon@sds.co.uk

2 UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYSING COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY

It is vital that our children and young people understand how computers work and the many roles that they perform in almost every aspect of our lives. Whether it means that they are aware that the car, TV or toaster is a computer that may require software updates or security measures because it is connected to the internet, or because they want to design and build driverless cars and wearable technologies, such as the Fitbits of the future. Learning about how computing technology has developed from the past to the present, and how it will change in our lifetime, is an excellent opportunity to spark wonder, imagination and creativity in learners.  

This organiser is split into two Es & Os (three at Fourth level) and they deal with coding (x-14a) and computer systems (x-14b):

Coding (x-14a) 

Computers are electronic devices and can only interpret information as a series of electrical signal that are either ‘on’ or ‘off’. This requires us to use ‘language’ that the computer can understand, and this is often referred to as ‘code’. There are many guides to different languages, and these can be found online.

 At Early level, learners should learn that symbols can represent information, such as arrows for directions, and be able to predict the outcome of a sequence of these instructions (algorithm) – this might be predicting the path of a Bee-bot or another learner. 

Learners at First level should be able to identify different parts of an algorithm in a visual coding language (such as Scratch, Swift Playgrounds or MakeCode), such as repetition (loops) and selection (when a decision is made). Visual coding languages are very popular and represent ‘code’ as blocks that can be joined together, like jigsaw pieces, to build algorithms. Learners should be confident to predict the outcome of such sequences. 

As the progress to Second level, learners should be much more confident with block-based coding and able to explain the function of variables (information the computer stores from the user, such as your answer to a question) and conditional loops (such as ‘repeat the question until the answer = 5’). They should now also be able to identify parallel processes (where two or more bits of code are running at once, and may impact each other, such as a computer-controlled character and a user-controlled character in a game) and their outcomes. 

Beyond Second level there is an increasing complexity of knowledge and skills as learners are required to understand how textual language is used to create databases (often SQL) and webpages (usually HTML and CSS). By the end of the BGE, they should be able to write basic code in a textual language (such as Python) and be aware of the different file formats computers use and why these are used.  

Computer Systems (x-14b) 

Practically every computer is built of input devices (which take information from the user or environmentie. your mouse, keyboard or touchscreen), processor (can be thought of as the computer’s brain – it follows instructions and makes decisions) and output devices (the computer uses these to show information to the userie. your speakers, screen or printer). 

At Early level, learners should be encouraged to find and identify computers in the world around them, including ‘hidden’ ones, such as those in household appliances or automated devices like an automated door. This is easier than ever, as so many of us own smart devices, such as speakers, watches, TVs and cars. 

Learners at First level should be able to explain the model of computers being input -> process and storage -> output. This should include a basic knowledge of what components are inputs or outputs, and a basic understanding of the computer’s processor making decisions – this links to their coding learning as it is the code that the computer is processing, and the algorithms may include inputs (stored as variables) and outputs. 

As the progress to Second level, learners should be much more confident with the computer’s architecture and be able to explain the difference between memory (temporary information the computer is processing) and storage (long-term information). This includes an understanding of the computer only being able to store information in a binary format (base-2 number system that only uses 0 and 1). There are great links to numeracy here as learners will need to understand place value. They could also explore Charles Babbage, who invented the binary system as we know it.

They should also be aware of the interconnectivity of computers and the role of the internet and how it is used to share information between them – it is important to understand that the (world wide) web and internet are very different, and learner should be aware of this! 

Beyond Second level there is an increasing complexity of knowledge and skills as learners are required to know the von Neumann architecture model and how machine code (binary) is stored and processed within it.

They should also be able to use technical language to explain the components and processes involved as computers communicate across the internet – including compression (to save on storage space) and encryption (for security – this presents an opportunity to introduce learners to the field of study that is Cyber Security, which can be studied as a National Progression Award (NPA)). By the end of BGE, they should understand how the computer stores and represents different information, inlcuding graphics and video, as well as being able to describe the concepts (including inputs, process and storage, output) of complex systems such as online payment systems or satnav. 

MORE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY IDEAS

1 UNDERSTANDING THE WORLD THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL THINKING

Computational thinking is a process of understanding and solving problems presented to us. It is a systematic process that encourages breaking a problem into smaller parts, identifying the key elements and discarding the superfluous, and then building a solution in a logical, ordered way. This makes it very similar to mathematical thinking, and indeed there is much research linking the benefits of using the two together.

There are many opportunities to embed these concepts and approaches into your curriculum, especially in numeracy and mathematics. Instead of learners trying to work out a route in a textbook exercise they could programme a beebot to follow a path, try to solve a code.org challenge with directional language or test a a range of skills and strategies with Bebras.

This organiser deals with learners’ ability to identify sequences and steps in a process, classify and group objects and identify patterns and similarities between objects. From Early to First levels, learners should be developing the ability to follow step-by-step instructions, make logical decisions and group information in a logical way. In terms of computing, learners should be able to identify repetition, Boolean and IF statements. By Second level, learners should be able to identify parallel processes, random processes and conditional statements. 
Third and Fourth level sees the introduction of two additional E/Os and learners should be able to identify communication systems in the world around them, understand how compression and encryption of data works, and understand that a database can be used to store data with unique identifiers.

There are lots of great, free computational thinking resources and activities available online. Many of these resources have the added benefit of being ‘unplugged’, meaning no devices or computers are required to teach them.

In Scotland, we have partnered with Barefoot Computing and they provide an excellent computational thinking programme and resources. Barefoot splits computational thinking into the concepts and approaches below:

MORE COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IDEAS

3 DESIGNING, BUILDING AND TESTING COMPUTING SOLUTIONS

Every computer we use has been built to make a process quicker, easier, cheaper or safer. This organiser is all about recognising computer systems as solutions to design problems. Learners should experience a range of techniques and approaches to understanding the problems, planning solutions and then building a working computer solution. This can be done with code, web mark-up languages (such as HTML) or databases. Ideally, this organiser should be the application – an opportunity to assess – learners’ knowledge and skills from their computational thinking, coding and systems learning. 

At Early level, learners should be encouraged to create a simple sequence of instructions (algorithm) for a programmable device, such as a Bee-bot, or online platform, such as code.org. They should be able to spot and correct errors in a sequence – this is a great opportunity to develop resilience and problem solving strategies, including the computational thinking concepts and skills from x-13a. 

Learners at First level should be able to break a problem down into smaller parts and identify key steps, before creating a solution in a visual coding language, including use of selection (a decision is being made) and fixed repetition. They should then be able to evaluate the accuracy and efficacy of theirs and others’ solutions.  

As the progress to Second level, learners should be much more confident with visual coding languages and should be able to use the concepts of variables and conditional repetition (loops) as learned in x-14a. They should be building their knowledge of code and developing ability to identify where blocks of code might be similar in different solutions, before being able to reuse old code in a new solution. This might be seen as a ‘Eureka!’ moment where they ‘see’ the solution to the problem, like they might do when the start to ‘get’ other concepts like fractions.

Beyond Second level there is an increasing complexity of knowledge and skills as learners are required to create design solutions in visual languages with multiple variables and also to manipulate computer data, such as a database, with textual language (this may be searching or sorting but not creating a database).  They should also be introduced to web languages, such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript. By the end of the BGE, learners should be familiar with a wide array of design solutions and processes, including interactive webpages (usually JavaScript) and relational databases and code in a textual language (such as Python).  

 

CONCRETE, PICTORIAL & ABSTRACT APPROACH TO CS

There are clear similarities with the order and progression computing science play based provocations are provided for learners of any level.  

A concrete – pictorial  – abstract concept, similar to how we introduce mathematical concepts e.g. counting concrete objects such as pebbles, progressing onto subitising with visuals or with a dice then finally counting in our heads with no prompts to help us. 

In computing science, we look at the concrete stage as using our bodies, physical devices and objects we can physically manipulate. 

At the pictorial stage we are looking at block-based coding and using visuals suitable for pre readers such as pictorial algorithms such as visual timetables and simple sequences of instructions for baking and creating and retelling stories. 

Later on, in the abstract stage, we are looking at more complex coding, with less pictures and more words, introducing coding language such as Javascript and Python. 

DigiLearnScot ELC home

EARLY LEARNING AND CHILDCARE LEARNING PATHWAY

This webinar was delivered to raise and support practitioner awareness of the National advice, guidance and where to access a wealth of free learning and teaching resources to embed computing science at early level. This session welcomed practitioners working with learners are in ELC or Primary School AND all other practitioners who work with learners at any level, with an interest in creatively embedding computing science their learning environment.

This webinar focussed on how we create experiences and spaces that allows computing science to be embedded at the early level through play and where we can access a wealth of free learning and teaching resources to embed unplugged computing science at the early level. It explored a range of unplugged activity ideas and the concepts, approaches and key vocabulary of computational thinking. 

In this webinar recording, we explore programmable devices and online coding and computing science resources/apps and discuss how to introduce them via play at early level. This webinar builds on content delivered in the prior two webinars. 

Additional live code along and play along webinar recordings.

For ELC/early level practitioner Digital Literacy CLPL, please visit the main Webinars Page and look for the YELLOW events on the calendar.
DigiLearnScot Computing Science ELC home