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In the first lecture we learned and were introduced to what religion actually is. We were shown many definitions from different perspectives. We also learned about what sociology of religion is – it is a study of religion and how it relates to other factors of society. I also learned about the different dimensions of religion and how there are different typed of religion which all contain different concepts. Some of these were cults, sects and established religions – which all have a shared concept of their own beliefs, practices and worships.
In this lecture, I understood all the key concepts being discussed however this was after a long train of thought and open debate. I understand that there are many forms of religion, which all have their own beliefs, concepts and worships. The function of these religions vary and were discussed in the work of Bronislaw Malinowski and M.F.C. Bourdillon. Some of these functions were to deal with life crises such as health and the environment, to help people socially transition through stages in their lives such as marriage or welcoming a child, and for basic needs which Malinowski stated gives him comfort and security in a world of dangers. One concept which I struggled to comprehend was the culture aspect of religion. This was because we were presented with criticisms from Karl Marx and so I found it difficult consolidating one definition and understanding of culture in religion. Before starting this module, I had done R.M.P.S all through school and at a higher level – gaining an A1. However, after one lecture at University, I feel my knowledge has vastly improved and I have learned about the many different dimensions that religion has.

The Glasgow Effect

The Glasgow effect is a term used to describe the poor health status of Glasgow over and above that explained by socio-economic factors. By comparing Glasgow with its two most similar and comparable UK cities, Liverpool and Manchester, researchers aimed to find evidence of a so-called ‘Glasgow Effect’. While the overall levels of deprivation in Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester were almost exactly the same, the all-cause mortality in Glasgow was more than 30% higher whereas the childhood mortality was significantly lower in Glasgow. In Glasgow, between 2003 and 2007 there were 4500 ‘excess deaths’, around half of which were related to alcohol and drugs. Even though researchers have found a number of possible hypotheses to what is causing this so-called ‘Glasgow Effect’, none have officially been proven.

Are Scottish People Healthy?

In terms of statistics, Scotland does have poor health standards and is known as ‘the sick man of Europe’. High levels of alcohol and binge drinking effect many people in Scotland’s health and costs the NHS billions every year. However, according to the Scottish Health Survey 2013 (SHeS) weekly alcohol consumption has decreased significantly and hazardous drinking has decreased from 33% in 2003 to 22% in 2013 for men and from 23% to 16% for women. In poor areas, children are introduced to smoking, drugs and alcohol at a much younger age than in most places. This has a huge impact on their health, whether they are participating in it or not, they are still exposed to it. The SHeS states that children’s exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in the home was 11% however a target has been set to reduce this to 6% by 2020.

Unhealthy food is a major part of Scottish culture and most children are exposed to this at a very young age. 40% of children eat chips two or more times a week and 34% eat cakes at least twice a week. Only 13% met the 5-aday recommendation in 2013 and this figure has not changed significantly over the past 10 years. However, 75% of children were active for the recommended level of 60 minutes every day (including school-based activities) which has increased from 71% from 2008.

According to the Equality Act 2010, “a person has a disability if s/he has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on that person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.” However, the definition of additional support needs is not the same as the definition of disability as most think. Many people are covered by both definitions however there are some people who are covered by one or the other. During this lecture, what shocked me was how people’s attitudes towards disabilities have changed. It shocked me that disabled people were looked after in asylums etc.

Throughout this lecture, I began to understand the different between inclusion and equality. I had always thought they were one in the same however there is actually a big difference between the two concepts, even though they are interconnected. Inclusion is an antidote to exclusion and applies to those who have been discriminated against due to uncontrollable factors. By not promoting inclusion, people become oppressed and disadvantafed. Equality on the other hand, is about giving everyone equal access to opportunities and ensuring there is the same outcome for everyone. There are a number of different layers to equality. In order to understand why inequality and discrimination occur, analysing how they operate at the personal, cultural and structural level is important. At the personal level, it is all about the individual and their thoughts and feelings which are shaped by our experiences. At the cultural level, it relates to what is seen as right and what is seen as normal. Finally, at the structural level, it relates to how oppression and discrimination has been ‘sewn in’ to society.

There have been policies put into place to ensure that inclusion and equality become the norm. The Equality Act 2010 came into force to protect individuals and provide everyone with equal opportunities as well as promoting a more fair and equal society.

Today’s lecture was based on the exam for the Society and Lifestyle module.

After analaysng the question and breaking down the structure of the exam I feel fairly confident on what is expected of me to pass the exam. Looking forward I now have to plan ahead, manage my time and study well to make sure I give myself the best possible opportunity to gain 40% or more to pass this module. I will begun to further reasearch each section of the course and also I will begin to plan essays. I will look over past papers and prepare myself for the 21st of March.

After reading the Glasgow Effect article it has been proven that Glasgow in Scotland are a lot unhealthier than other cities in the U.K. After researching further, I have found that Britain is labelled ‘ The Fat man of Europe’ (NHS).

In 2015, 65% of adults and aged 16 and over were overweight, including 29% who were obsese in Scotland (Gov.Scot). Obesity is causing strain on health services such as the NHS. The annual cost to NHS Scotland of oversight and obesity combined may be as much at 600 million( parliament.scot).

Obesity is also causing premature death as it also leads to conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and more.

It is clear an apparantemt that our country is not healthy with governments having to introduce implement laws to help Scotland’s wellbeing. As a future educator I want to educate children to help them to live the healthiest and happiest life.

Glasgow experiences high levels of poor health and deprivation which is linked to socio-economic circumstances. However, there is an unexplained reason as to why Glasgows health and life expectancy is lower and poorer compared to other cities in the UK. Liverpool and Manchester also are experiences poor health and deprivation in their cities. All three cities have high levels of poverty and low life expectancies which is also influenced by at risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol and drug intake. The study’s aim is to investigate the ‘Scottish Effect’ and the ‘Glasgow Effect’ by comparing and looking closely at the three cities which share similar histories who have high mortality associated with known problems of deprivation.

Studied were carried out to compare three cities. A study in 2005 showed that the people’s income who lived in Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester incomes where deprived.

As we live in a culture and society where jobs are not secure and many children are brought up in deprived areas, it has a significant effect on our health. With fast foods being cheaper than a home cooked meal, Scotland’s obesity levels are rising with around 2/3 of the population being obese (BCC,2010). This has a significant effect on our society as diseases such as obesity is causing people to die younger.