This Unit covers:

1. Controlling the rate
   Collision theory explaining rates of reaction and activation energy. Relative rate of reaction.
   Reaction profiles
   Potential energy diagrams, energy pathways, activated complex, activation energy and enthalpy changes.
   Catalysts
   Reaction pathway, activation energy.
   Temperature and kinetic energy
   Energy distribution diagrams showing effect of temperature changes on successful collisions. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate.
2. Periodicity
   The first 20 elements in the Periodic Table are categorised according to bonding and structure.
   Periodic trends and underlying patterns and principles.
   Covalent radius, ionisation energy, electronegativity
   and trends in groups and periods, related to atomic structure.
3. Structure and bonding
   Bonding continuum
   Polar covalent bonds and their position on the bonding continuum, dipole formation and notation. δ+ δ- ,eg H^δ+̶ Cl^δ-
   Intermolecular forces called van der Waals forces. London dispersion forces, permanent dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding and the resulting physical properties including solubility.