·         High-level: language that a human will understand; use of English words such as repeat, if, loop, put

·         Procedural: code will processed logically and in a set order; passes data from one procedure to another using parameters

·         Declarative: consists of a knowledge base of facts and rules that can be queried

·         Object-Oriented: objects are created using classes that will contain code and data (encapsulation); data associated is known as attributes and its values are known as states; sub-classes can inherit attributes from a pre-defined class

·         Interpreter: takes each line of source code, translates it into machine code then passes it to processor to carry out that instruction; it works its way through the program one line at a time

·         Compiler: reads the source code and translates the entire program into machine code once; machine code then saved and kept and doesn’t need to be further translated before run