Digital Technology Enhancing Learning Outdoors

›“Outdoor learning experiences are often remembered for a lifetime. Integrating learning and outdoor experiences, whether through play in the immediate grounds or adventures further afield, provides relevance and depth to the curriculum in ways that are difficult to achieve indoors.” Curriculum for Excellence Through Outdoor Learning document 2010.

In today’s class we explored different apps on the iPad that could be used to create activities for outdoor learning. This allowed us to make links between outdoor learning and Curriculum for Excellence experiences and outcomes. We carried out three different tasks using three different apps: Photo Booth, Pic Collage and QR Reader. The first task using Photo Booth involved us selecting the mirror camera option and taking pictures of landscapes, animals, natural objects and creating a symmetrical pattern with these images. We also used the Photo Booth app with the thermal camera option selected to take photos of minibeasts and look and discuss the core temperature. The Pic Collage app is also a great app to use for outdoor learning as there are so many activities that could be carried out with this app. For example, one of the activities we did involved us finding 5 different types of leaves, taking a photograph of it, putting all of the photos in a collage and labelling them. The final task that we carried out was using the QR Reader app. This activity was a Red Nose Day based ‘treasure hunt’, we had to scan the QR codes when we located the them. The code would be a question and if the correct answer for each question was selected it would then create a word related to Red Nose Day. These are all enjoyable and engaging activities that can be easily altered to suit the curricular activity that you want to focus on.

After today’s class and through reading the Curriculum for Excellence Through Outdoor Learning document 2010 I have realised there are many advantages of outdoor learning.It develops critical thinking skills therefore helping children to make links between other curricular areas. It involves children’s learning skills in areas such as communication, problem solving and working with others therefore improving their personal development. Outdoor learning promotes healthy lifestyles and can lead to lifelong recreation, such as hill walking, cycling, skiing or sailing. Furthermore, it can provide opportunities for children to develop skills to assess and manage risks. The most important factor is that it provides inclusion for all as it provides opportunities for children to use a range of skills and abilities that are not always visible in the classroom. This is because everyone’s talents lie in different areas and outdoor learning provides the opportunity for those that are not as confident in curricular areas such as maths to show their talent outside the classroom.

 

The Potential of Mobile Devices

The use and importance of mobile devices in schools is rising significantly as these devices can offer a variety of ways for children to learn. The British Educational Suppliers Association (BESA) discovered that “schools see technology such as games consoles and smartphones as playing an important role in primary- aged children’s education”. After carrying out research they found that  “While the majority of schools indicated internet access at home and at school as the most beneficial technology for pupils, three quarters identify home access to educational games consoles like Nintendo DS as being helpful to children’s educational development”. This makes learning  more enjoyable for pupils knowing they can use these devices in the classroom as well as at home.

Technology is constantly changing and advancing, therefore schools need to do the same. In today’s society it is vital for schools to keep up to date with the latest changes in technology as the pupils will most definitely be aware of these changes. This is important to ensure that children will not be bored when learning. By using these devices that they are familiar with it will make learning more enjoyable. Furthermore, children will be more likely to play these devices at home.

At first, I thought games consoles, such as Nintendo DSi’s would be a distraction to have in the classroom. However, through learning more about it in this module I have realised how much potential it has. We explored games such as Flipnote: we used this to play a game “Guess the nursery rhyme”. By using Flipnote we created a mini animated cartoon about a scene from a nursery rhyme. For example, an animation from a cow jumping over the moon from the nursery rhyme “Hey Diddle Diddle”, then your partner must guess what the rhyme is. Flipnote can also be used to play a game of charades. All members of the group choose a card from the pile and have 5 minutes to create an animation to explain this. Pictochat is also a great game on the Nintendo and can be used to play a number of games. My personal favourite was “The Chase Challenge”. This game involves 3 roles, the teacher- who calls out the questions, the chaser- single person who tries to score 10 correct questions first and finally the hunted- the other members of the group. The teacher calls out 10 questions based on a particular theme such as maths, eg multiplication, the hunted must try to correctly answer 10 questions before the chaser in order to win. The camera can also be used to practice symmetry. By taking a photograph of an object, press EDIT button, then click on the MIRROR icon and create a series of symmetrical images.

Therefore through exploring these games and doing further reading on the use of games consoles in the classroom I have realised how beneficial and important technology is for learning in today’s society.

eBooks Within the Classroom

In digital technologies today, we learned how to make an eBook and how they can be used in the classroom. Our task involved working in pairs and summarising a Roald Dahl book. We then used the Book Creator app on the iPad to create an eBook based on the summarised version of the book. We explored the app and used pictures and sounds to make the book more engaging for children. We choose the book, ‘The Magic Finger’.  This was a book that I had never read before, therefore this task was a whole new experience for me as I was introduced to both a new book and a new app. This app could be used across the curriculum and as a way of testing pupils knowledge. Furthermore, I think creating an e-Book would be a great exercise as you come to an end of a class topic as this allows children to reflect and share all the information that they know in the form of a book.

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In David Andrew’s article “An apple for the teacher: are iPads the future in class?” he expresses his love for the use of mobile devices within the classroom. Before his school had started using iPads he decided to research their use and if they would be more beneficial to the children than the laptops that they already had in the school. After then investing in his own iPad- which not only he loved but his 3 year old daughter also took great interest in the device, she even had fun learning on it through listening to stories and learning her alphabet and how to write letters. After gathering all the pros and cons of iPads he found that although they can not be used for everything that laptops are, they offer a variety of apps and games that children can engage and learn from. David Andrew also highlights the fact that the iPad is much easier to use than a laptop as the touch interface makes it more interactive and engaging.

In my opinion I think that iPads are a great device and should definitely be used for learning purposes within the classroom. Technology is becoming bigger and bigger and as many children will be exposed to these devices at home then come in to school to use only pen and paper, they may feel less motivated to learn and no enjoyment when they learn. Whereas, with the use of these devices many children will already be used to using them and will perhaps even be able to introduce teachers to apps that they use to learn. Having said this, these devices are expensive and not all children will be lucky enough to have one at home. Therefore, introducing these to schools gives these children the opportunity to use this great new device.

 

The Holmes- Rahe Stress Inventory

The Holmes Rahe test was a table, ‘The Social Readjustment Rating Scale’, with a number of life events marked with a certain score. By reading through these and marking down the score of each of these life events that have happened to you in the previous year it will tell you what your score meant. After completing this test and only receiving 65 points this told me that within the last year I have had,”a relatively low amount of life change and a low susceptibility to stress-induced health breakdown”.

I feel like this test was directed more at individuals in a marriage, with children or older than me. The majority of the life events included things such as marriage, children, moving house, taking out a mortgage or divorce. All of which I have not experienced yet. Therefore, I feel like this was an inaccurate representation of my stress levels. Other life events such as examinations, studying, managing time efficiently, having a part time job while studying were all not considered. All of which I feel are relevant to my life, or the life of a student.

Stress affects individuals in a number of ways as some people may become stressed much easier than others. It is a very personal thing and every one has their own reasons behind why they are stressed. I feel like balancing my time is the most difficult and therefore most stressful thing for me. As I am a student, have university, studying and a part time job while also trying to fit in time to socialise with friends and family. It can sometimes get too much and I feel that I sometimes put my job before my studying when it should be the other way around. This can therefore affect the relationships that I have with my family and friends as all of my time is spent either at University, studying or being at work. Whereas, it is essential to find that balance in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage stress.

Therefore, these are the reasons why I feel The Holmes stress inventory was an inaccurate representation of stress levels. Not only because they did not directly affect my life but because stress is an individual thing and many reasons behind stress may not have been named on the scale.

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Creating Animation using iStop Motion

Last week in digital technologies, we were given the task to create an animation to highlight the importance of internet safety to young children.  We were given the choice between iMovie and iStop Motion to create these animations. The iStop Motion app involves taking a series of pictures and placing the sequence of pictures together at a high speed  to create a movie. The iMovie app also allows you to make movies by combining multiple clips, inserting pictures, applying a soundtrack and using other effects. For our animation, we used the iStop Motion app. The experiences and outcomes for our animation were as follows:

Mental and Emotional Wellbeing: HWB 0-01a- I am aware of and able to express my feelings and am developing the ability to talk about them.

Listening and Talking: LIT 0-01c- I enjoy exploring events and characters in stories and other texts and sharing my thoughts in different ways.

Technological Developments in Society: TCH 1-01a- By exploring and using technologies in the wider world, I can consider the ways in which they can help.

Our animation was based on a fairytale. We thought by taking this approach children would be more engaged and pay more attention to it. Our animation highlighted the dangers of talking to strangers online. The example that we used was a Princess that thought she was talking to her ‘Prince Charming’, however, it turned out to be a dragon that resulted in her being taken and never seen again. Although this is a very unrealistic example, it gets across the fact that not everyone that you speak to online is who they say they are. It is also a better approach to take when promoting internet safety to young children as real- life examples may scare them.

“Digital storytelling begins with the notion that in the not too distant future, sharing one’s story through the multiple mediums of digital imagery, text, voice, sound, music, video and animation will be the principle hobby of the world’s people.” Porter, B., (2004) Digi Tales: The Art of Telling Digital Stories. This tells us that animation making will soon become an enjoyable activity throughout the world. Therefore, it is an important skill that young people should have as it could also be used for educational purposes and raising awareness on issues, as we did in our internet safety animation. For these reasons, digital story telling should be introduced in more schools and classrooms across the world.

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Importance of Internet Safety: Maintaining a Professional Career

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Maintaining a Professional Reputation Online:

Almost everyone in today’s society will manage a social networking account such as Facebook or Twitter, including teachers, in order to keep in touch with friends and family. However there are a number of precautions that must be taken in to consideration. For example, the friends you have, status updated, the photos you share and the comments you choose to make, if any, on certain individuals such as colleagues.

A recent TES survey found that 9% of teachers are friends with their pupils on social networking sites. It is not a good idea to accept any pupils or parents friend requests as it could damage your reputation as a teacher. If you accept these requests you are unveiling your personal life and information to your pupils, there may be photos that you are tagged in or status updates that could potentially leave yourself open to allegations of inappropriate contact or conduct.

It is vital that you are in control of who can and can not access your social network accounts and what you post online. Including photos, comments and any personal information. In order to protect your professional reputation, you need to be aware of the language you use, even if your account is private. Although it may seem clear, however, it has known to be done in the past, you should never post derogatory comments about your pupils or colleagues. Teachers are not only expected to uphold their own reputation online. They are also expected to maintain the reputation of the school as a whole, both within and outwith their work, in order for the public’s trust in their profession.

Other people’s posts may also have negative affects on you such as the photos that you are tagged in. It is recommended that if you are tagged in any inappropriate photos or photos that could potentially affect your profession, that you ‘untag’ yourself immediately. It is even a good idea to change your name online so that pupils, parents or employers are unable to access your personal sites.

The Argyll and Bute Social Media Policy sets clear guidelines for Argyll and Bute council employees to follow when using social media. After reading up on this and the Argyll and Bute Social Media Policy, I have become aware on the impact that social network sites can have on your profession. I will definitely make sure there is nothing online that could potentially be harmful to my career by taking the necessary steps.

Inclusion and Equality

What is incusion and why is it important? Inclusion embraces policies and practices that support diversity, giving a voice to certain individuals, groups and communities that have been traditionally marginalised. Inclusion applies to people that have been discriminated against for a variety of reasons. For example, their gender, sexual orientation, background, age and many more.

There are three levels of inclusion in which inclusion has different concerns (Nelson and Prilleltensky 2010): the individual level, relational level and the societal level. At the individual level, inclusion is concerned with giving people control over their own lives and having a say. At the relational level, inclusion looks to provide people with supportive relationships and welcoming communities. At the societal level, inclusion is concerned with the promotion of equality and providing people with the material help that they require.

Inclusion is also important within education. Lani Florian- Bell chair of Education at the University of Edinburgh researched inclusive pedagogy. Her first research question being “What teaching strategies help to increase the participation and achievement of all children, including those identified as having special educational needs or requiring additional support for learning?”. Florian found that for teachers to be more inclusive, they must focus on the learning of all pupils in their class and not only on those that may need additional support. I agree with Florian’s findings as the teacher will spend more time with those that need additional support within the class. Therefore, leaving the ‘more able’ pupils with a feeling that they are not included or that the teacher has not challenged them to their full potential. I found Lani Florian’s research really interesting and it enthused me to look out for this and make sure that within the classroom I am including the whole class and taking in to consideration each pupils learning.

In relation to inclusion is equality. To promote equality is to promote sameness and to provide people with the same opportunities. There are different approaches to equality. The equality of opportunity approach is based on the desire to provide people with a fair starting point in life. This approach appears to be based on the assumption that the solution to problems of inequality are to be found mainly at the level of the individual. Therefore if we can give individuals more and better opportunities, inequality will no longer be a major concern. The equality of outcome approach highlights the fact that there is a need for more than the same opportunities. Focusing on rewards and praise it states that the outcome and rewards will be the same. However, the equality as fairness and equality of condition approaches are more realistic and involve the enabling of individuals so that they can be as equal as possible in relation to the central conditions of their lives.

The Equality Act 2010 specifies nine characteristics as protected against discrimination. The act focuses on eliminating discrimination and advance equality of opportunity for all.

From learning about this topic, it has highlighted to me that as a teacher equality and inclusion are vital within the classroom. When I go on placement I will ensure that I am aware of both of these aspects.

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3D Objects, 2D Shapes and Fractions

In our mathematics tutorials last week we looked at 3D objects & 2D shapes and fractions. Within the 3D objects and 2D shapes tutorial we were given physical shapes and told to sort them in to groups while having the mentality that we know nothing about them. Therefore, the shapes could be sorted by colour, size, 2D and 3D or whatever way came to your head first. This allowed us to see the different ways in which the shapes could be sorted and perhaps the ways in which your pupils might sort them if you carried out this activity in the classroom. I think this would be a great activity for pupils when they are first introduced to shapes as it allows them to explore the shapes and investigate them on their own. We then looked at the shapes in more depth, identifying the faces, edges and vertices of them.  We looked at a variety of shapes such as a polyhedron, prism, regular polyhedron, pyramid and many more. Although I had previously learned this when I was in primary school, this tutorial was very useful and refreshed my memory as there were some things that I had already forgotten. To end the tutorial, we were asked to make our own 3D shapes, using plasticine and straws. I  thought that this was an excellent exercise to use with pupils as they can make their own shape and then identify its properties, such as the number of faces or edges it has or simply being able to identify and name the shape that they had made.

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In the second tutorial, we focused on fractions. Fractions are a common struggle amongst learners of all stages. We explored ways that could be used to make learning fractions easier for children. We discovered that using physical objects that the children can half an quarter is a great practical activity. Relating fractions to real life objects such as a pizza for example, it may be easier for children to understand. A counting stick is also very useful to develop positional aspect of a number. The use of a fraction wall also gives children a better understanding of fractions. To end the tutorial, we were given a puzzle to do in small groups. The puzzle was lots of little triangles and on each side of the triangle it had either a problem or an answer. The aim was to match all the problems to the correct answer in order to make one big shape. It was very challenging but a great exercise. Below are some pictures of  what it looked like before and after.

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Religion, Culture and Unchurched Spirituality

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In this weeks lecture, I learned about unchurched spirituality, religion and culture and how they influenced each other. Unchurched spirituality is simply spirituality outside the churches and beliefs not necessarily associated with organised religion. Although there are many debates over the true meanings of the terms “religion” and “spirituality”, I learned that spirituality is understood as having a more expansive meaning than religion. We were also introduced to three theorists, Max Weber, Karl Marx and Bruce Lincoln.

In the tutorials we discussed these theorists in further detail. Max Weber was a German philosopher, he argued that one religion, Christianity (Protestantism), contributed to formation and success of socio- economic issues in the Western world such as capitalism. According to Weber, Protestantism enabled the ideological atmosphere in which capitalism could thrive in Europe. Weber called this this idea the “Protestant Ethic”. In Weber’s eyes, religion was an agent of social change.

Karl Marx was also a German philosopher who developed the theory of international communism and was critical of religion. His ideas later developed into a political philosophy called Marxism and its followers being Marxists. He argued that religion gave false consciousness in people and that it is an unnecessary part of today’s society. He believed that God is “man made”, a human creation, therefore, religion was not necessary to him.

Bruce Lincoln agrees with Karl Marx to an extent. He believes that people should believe that religious claims and ideas are there, however not to accept them all. After reading in to these theorists, it has shown me that each of their views and ideas towards religion are slightly different. However, they all agree that religion has greatly impacted culture.

Overall, I found both the lecture and tutorial really interesting. After being brought up and attending both Catholic primary and secondary schools, this weeks lecture and tutorial group opened more area for thought upon religion. I find it a really interesting topic and I intend to do further reading on the topic of unchurched spirituality and the ways in which religion affects culture.

Religion, Society and Diversity

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In our first week of society and lifestyles we were introduced to the topic of religion and society. This involved studying religion in social context. In our first week we discussed religion from both the ‘inside’ and the ‘outside’. Religion from the ‘inside’ is the believers approach and religion from the ‘outside’ is the scholarly approach. There are also different types of religion. A established religion is a religion that has established roots and been around for a long time. A sect is a group which depends on voluntary membership and personal commitment. A cult is a group with more radical ideas and practices and usually has deviant and novel beliefs and is known for mind- control and manipulation of its members. We also discussed the functions of religion such as; life crisis, social relations, peace in the community and basic needs.

The independent study task included me researching the anthropologist, Bronislaw Malinowski. I found that Malinowski believed that there were scientific laws of culture that could also be applied to religion.  He said that magic was useful because it brought one individual into a leadership position during times of crisis in society. For Malinowski, religion was an institution that fulfils people’s biological and psychological needs.

In the tutorial, we discussed different aspects of religious diversity in groups. Again, my group was asked to focus on Bronislaw Malinowski. I felt that working in groups for this task was very beneficial, as everyone could share their ideas and views on the topic. Religious diversity is an area that I am still unsure of and I intend to do further reading on this area to improve my knowledge.

I now have a better understanding of the different functions of religion. However, I feel like I need to do further research on the other scholars such as Emile Durkheim as most of my research in today’s tasks was based on Bronislaw Malinowski.

This lecture and tutorial group was a great introduction to religion. It has left me keen to look in to the topics of religious diversity, scholars and the different ways that culture influences religion. I intend to do further reading in all of these areas.

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