There are many similarities between Python and PHP, but there significant differences:

PHP variables start with $ signs
PHP statements must end with a semi-colon
Instead of indentation, PHP uses pairs of curly brackets { } to enclose blocks of code inside conditional statements and loops.
Conditions are enclosed in parentheses ( ).

Case Sensitivity

PHP keywords are not case sensitive (ECHO = echo = Echo)
PHP variables are case sensitive ($counter != $Counter)

Comments

# A single line comment 
''' A multi 
line comment '''

// A single line comment
# Another single line comment 
/* A multi
line comment */

Printing

print(f"Counter = {counter}")

echo "Counter = ".$counter;   /* using concatenation */
echo "Counter = $counter";    /* simple variables inside string */

Assignment

counter = 0
password = "xyz"
password = 'xyz'

MAXSTUDENTS = 20

colours = ["red", "blue", "green"]
 
computerIDs = [""] * 10
computerId[0] = "AHS-210012"
 
fruits = []
fruits.append("Apple")

$counter = 0;
$password = "xyz";

define("MAXSTUDENTS", 20);

$colours = array("red", "blue", "green");
 
$computerIDs = array_fill(0, 10, "");
$computerId[0] = "AHS-210012";
 
$fruits = array();
array_push($fruits, "Apple");

Operators

Arithmetic operators + – * / ** (exponentiation) % (modulus) are same in Python and PHP

total = total + number
total += number
 
fullname = forename + " " + surname

$total = $total + $number;
$total += $number;
 
$fullname = $forename . " " . $surname;

Predefined Functions

nameLength = len(fullname)
dice = random.randint(1,6)
noOfFruits = len(fruits)

$nameLength = strlen($fullname);
$dice = rand(1,6);
$noOfFruits = count($fruits);

Conditional Statements

if guess == number:
     print("You guessed the number")
elif guess < number:
    print("Your guess is too small")
else
    print("Your guess is too big")

if ($guess == $number) {
    echo "You guessed the number";
} elseif ($guess < $number) {
    echo "Your guess is too small";
} else {
    echo "Your guess is too big";
}

Switch Statements

Python does not have a switch statement. The simplest equivalent is an if..elif..elif..else statement.

switch ($favcolor) {
  case "red":
    echo "Your favourite colour is red!";
    break;
  case "blue":
    echo "Your favourite colour is blue!";
    break;
  case "green":
    echo "Your favourite colour is green!";
    break;
  default:
    echo "Your favourite colour is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}

Fixed Loops (by index)

for x in range(10):
    print(x)

for ($x = 0; $x < 10; $x++) {
  echo "<p>$x</p>\n";
}

Fixed Loops (by item)

colours = ["red", "blue", "green"]
for colour in colours:
    print(colour)

colours = array("red", "blue", "green");
foreach ($colours as $colour) {
  echo "<p>$colour</p>\n";
}

Python to PHP