{"id":321,"date":"2021-06-08T18:58:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T17:58:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/?page_id=321"},"modified":"2021-06-10T12:12:33","modified_gmt":"2021-06-10T11:12:33","slug":"media-queries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/css\/media-queries\/","title":{"rendered":"Media Queries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The display of <strong>responsive pages<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-196\" src=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-sh.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/sh\/public\/ahscomputinghtml\/uploads\/sites\/3275\/2021\/06\/05211152\/sqa-ah-150x150.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&#038;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDLvsdLjQ7HEhCP2alAPbMxcETVrpris32uM%2FPzAl7x8gIhANJD0weRn3xLZnNupWEqfPAXTqLaF2GbffarOh2diuqlKsIFCJL%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgzuNC2av6oAicaafz8qlgXFmkB7AKK9MW8VnymBIBWIOR0IIhjIgBOevElHUJfcHT%2F5cvLt4%2B6Drtn4eTWt0bCtuzqP7RmycFAC9RRd36fKqdmqAzW1ppiWONhkmRreIq75l4taWnf%2B7CEaJpwEoMsFjfWGKfUHznRveVfeiq0W7RlYVhsLhg%2BsqTb3nztofjkd%2BbzF6sTjsFWMO38J70iw3YsQNOreXQKneVXdHR%2FGwD%2BFw0qlacp63saQjWNju07X2nNWnh3hR2g5sRYzIAveIgeRHmZQNGBLrV3R1n2KbJqxYwmOJJwFx8VayskBDgmUiT8Rx8EbNZUtLlMO%2BB4qg94tRCZQmq2ALtO0v7ULc2Gd1C%2F05s4uRO%2FlaADIZPVFp%2FTK8B37lGahOnzKob7gHSG4JHcdOXcO9iBfeq1Sq2AWde%2FygiXUle1RMvbBPHM28qcjUbQZRgbofP0q%2F1rfeo5M3biVc8voUvDXEWtBPxNQEc%2BS9PC0sNl8KFzpv%2Bt428iUGbR0UmeDYaC7ClekODtG3Fm%2BoZi6UA2LM9WtGAC%2BTvhdrjye5efhvRgD21JKmFfcsx8ldP234QxJyoZOGChSs8T2WdLlXzFSnJbKkT%2FNhCEGLxF2MONbRSkPIN8IIQ6u9p86V%2B8tVwebgR0LzvW658i8AtHObu2bbCgDtBbTwpZ0i018bdDJlnW9l3YRsbVvGQWhe6I9WlYn1LcVWSVg9uCX7oFhgrLuRV9vcbkVPhTJTM1J5I3b%2F6WUXUHOGX372bZpgxPxwFwiXJSt8Cpp2jI0wULOSgcFHuXqKUMOnobVqF9ACChwDJeIBBAHc4kopweNotsPaZO8v3aaOgGYLfWjfWP8o0hxaB%2Ft4Qq2qN5csc9dsSeTZXNSJUkHdhqpyTCT5JzUBjqwAf%2B5BmW%2BBPQDkmCxP8eft8sTpVUSKYqxa1ZR8H1XTEZIptx4LTpaZgHIrbdXPIWozXxGorwLCmNZzHAKzdf%2FQ54dTScjQkBGuaR7zxqjJJEdu0sZupIPnPNrfndQ41FnLwRWLc3Th4CfyCTXRVFJaUshWtHVpJSfjzydn%2FSzpIANs49TxkIP2s9KEDJA9UE5yiqUmLLI2zm0SG1t%2BYx1Q1th1%2ByCKk%2FCV1dZKRLw9lgp&#038;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&#038;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UTJ6WDSPB%2F20260820%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&#038;X-Amz-Date=20260820T170934Z&#038;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&#038;X-Amz-Expires=900&#038;X-Amz-Signature=74497deb290bb3d9ae492dc44f3df87ab2b342f2ef191706b6d9158de8dbb199\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"97\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/css\/css3_mediaqueries.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-59 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-sh.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/sh\/public\/ahscomputinghtml\/uploads\/sites\/3275\/2021\/06\/03210120\/w3schools-150x150.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&#038;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDLvsdLjQ7HEhCP2alAPbMxcETVrpris32uM%2FPzAl7x8gIhANJD0weRn3xLZnNupWEqfPAXTqLaF2GbffarOh2diuqlKsIFCJL%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgzuNC2av6oAicaafz8qlgXFmkB7AKK9MW8VnymBIBWIOR0IIhjIgBOevElHUJfcHT%2F5cvLt4%2B6Drtn4eTWt0bCtuzqP7RmycFAC9RRd36fKqdmqAzW1ppiWONhkmRreIq75l4taWnf%2B7CEaJpwEoMsFjfWGKfUHznRveVfeiq0W7RlYVhsLhg%2BsqTb3nztofjkd%2BbzF6sTjsFWMO38J70iw3YsQNOreXQKneVXdHR%2FGwD%2BFw0qlacp63saQjWNju07X2nNWnh3hR2g5sRYzIAveIgeRHmZQNGBLrV3R1n2KbJqxYwmOJJwFx8VayskBDgmUiT8Rx8EbNZUtLlMO%2BB4qg94tRCZQmq2ALtO0v7ULc2Gd1C%2F05s4uRO%2FlaADIZPVFp%2FTK8B37lGahOnzKob7gHSG4JHcdOXcO9iBfeq1Sq2AWde%2FygiXUle1RMvbBPHM28qcjUbQZRgbofP0q%2F1rfeo5M3biVc8voUvDXEWtBPxNQEc%2BS9PC0sNl8KFzpv%2Bt428iUGbR0UmeDYaC7ClekODtG3Fm%2BoZi6UA2LM9WtGAC%2BTvhdrjye5efhvRgD21JKmFfcsx8ldP234QxJyoZOGChSs8T2WdLlXzFSnJbKkT%2FNhCEGLxF2MONbRSkPIN8IIQ6u9p86V%2B8tVwebgR0LzvW658i8AtHObu2bbCgDtBbTwpZ0i018bdDJlnW9l3YRsbVvGQWhe6I9WlYn1LcVWSVg9uCX7oFhgrLuRV9vcbkVPhTJTM1J5I3b%2F6WUXUHOGX372bZpgxPxwFwiXJSt8Cpp2jI0wULOSgcFHuXqKUMOnobVqF9ACChwDJeIBBAHc4kopweNotsPaZO8v3aaOgGYLfWjfWP8o0hxaB%2Ft4Qq2qN5csc9dsSeTZXNSJUkHdhqpyTCT5JzUBjqwAf%2B5BmW%2BBPQDkmCxP8eft8sTpVUSKYqxa1ZR8H1XTEZIptx4LTpaZgHIrbdXPIWozXxGorwLCmNZzHAKzdf%2FQ54dTScjQkBGuaR7zxqjJJEdu0sZupIPnPNrfndQ41FnLwRWLc3Th4CfyCTXRVFJaUshWtHVpJSfjzydn%2FSzpIANs49TxkIP2s9KEDJA9UE5yiqUmLLI2zm0SG1t%2BYx1Q1th1%2ByCKk%2FCV1dZKRLw9lgp&#038;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&#038;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UTJ6WDSPB%2F20260820%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&#038;X-Amz-Date=20260820T170934Z&#038;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&#038;X-Amz-Expires=900&#038;X-Amz-Signature=7e34004db3ad9d56f4bbf454c529182ec720d1c52bfba62eb9ecfbe80e659665\" alt=\"\" width=\"50\" height=\"47\" \/><\/a>will change depending on the device or window on which they are to be viewed.<\/p>\n<p>Common uses for responsive pages is for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>printing on paper\/PDF<br \/>\n(hiding unnecessary page elements, using black on white text)<\/li>\n<li>screens with narrower displays (tablets\/smartphones)<br \/>\n(replacing a horizonal navigation bar with a vertical, or hamburger menu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Within the CSS, default values are written first, with media queries defined underneath. When coding media queries, only the changes are styled.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: css; title: CSS Syntax; notranslate\" title=\"CSS Syntax\">\r\n@media not|only mediatype and (expressions) {\r\n    CSS Code;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Three media types are in the Advanced Higher course: <strong>all, screen<\/strong> and <strong>print <\/strong>(there is also a &#8220;speech&#8221; type for screenreaders that read out the page contents).<\/p>\n<p>Only the <strong>max-width<\/strong> media feature is required (other features include min-width and orientation).<\/p>\n<p>Note: only the media query declaration itself is included in the Advanced Higher course.<\/p>\n<h1>Examples<\/h1>\n<h2>Navigation Bars<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/html\/horizontal-navigation-bars\/\">horizontal navigation bar<\/a><\/strong> uses the <strong>float<\/strong> and <strong>width<\/strong> properties to display <strong>li<\/strong> elements alongside each other, suitable for a wide screen display.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: css; title: CSS Horizontal Navigation Bar; notranslate\" title=\"CSS Horizontal Navigation Bar\">\r\nnav ul {\r\n        list-style-type:none;\r\n}\r\n \r\nnav ul li {\r\n        float:left;\r\n        width:80px;\r\n        text-align:center;\r\n}\r\n \r\n \r\nnav ul li a {\r\n    display:block;\r\n    padding:8px;\r\n    background-color:wheat;\r\n    border: 1px solid black;\r\n    text-decoration:none; \r\n}\r\n \r\nnav ul li a:hover {\r\n    background-color:#000;\r\n    color:white;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>For screen displays under 600 pixels wide, the height of the <strong>nav<\/strong> container is increased, and each navigation <strong>li<\/strong> is increased to the full width of the display so they appear underneath each other:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: css; title: CSS; notranslate\" title=\"CSS\">\r\n@media screen and (maxwidth:600px) {\r\n    nav {\r\n        height: 125px;\r\n    }\r\n    nav ul li {\r\n        width:100%;\r\n        height:20px;\r\n        font-size:8pt}\r\n    }\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2>Printing<\/h2>\n<p>Light coloured text on a dark background may work well on a display, but not so well on paper.<\/p>\n<p>Items suitable for displaying on screen may not be needed for printing &#8211; eg when printing a receipt.<\/p>\n<pre>@media print { \n    * { \n        color: black;\n        background-colour: white; \n    }\n\n    .screenonly {\n        display: none;\n    }\n[\/css]<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The display of responsive pages will change depending on the device or window on which they are to be viewed. Common uses for responsive pages is for: printing on paper\/PDF (hiding unnecessary page elements, using black on white text) screens with narrower displays (tablets\/smartphones) (replacing a horizonal navigation bar with a vertical, or hamburger menu) Within the CSS, default values are written first, with media queries defined underneath. When coding<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/css\/media-queries\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":78,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-321","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=321"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":376,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/321\/revisions\/376"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/sh\/ahscomputinghtml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}