{"id":703,"date":"2015-03-24T15:25:17","date_gmt":"2015-03-24T15:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/?p=703"},"modified":"2015-03-24T15:25:54","modified_gmt":"2015-03-24T15:25:54","slug":"structures-and-links-database","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2015\/03\/24\/structures-and-links-database\/","title":{"rendered":"Structures and  links  (database)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Database structure: field, record, file<\/li>\n<li>Database structure: flat file, linked tables, primary keys, foreign keys<\/li>\n<li>Field types (text, numbers, date, time, graphic, object, calculated, link, boolean)<\/li>\n<li>Validation (presence check, restricted choice, field length, range)<\/li>\n<li>Database operations search, sort (on multiple fields)<\/li>\n<li>Good design to avoid data duplication and modification errors (insert, delete, update)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Database structure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>field<\/strong> &#8211; the fields below; Exhibitor, Company Name, Area, Stand Number, Product Reference, Item Name, Price (\u00a3)<\/li>\n<li><strong>record<\/strong> &#8211; A single row in a table, there are 8 records below<\/li>\n<li><strong>file<\/strong> &#8211; the entire database<\/li>\n<li><strong>flat file<\/strong> all the data is stored in one table<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"720\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2015\/03\/24\/structures-and-links-database\/attachment\/1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/1.png\" data-orig-size=\"480,220\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" 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300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Drawbacks Data duplication Data inconsistency or update\/ deletion\/insertion anomalies Data integrity errors (due to data inconsistency) Inconsistent search results in multi-value fields<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>linked tables<\/strong>\u00a0data is stored in tables that are linked together.\n<ul>\n<li>The table above would be split into<\/li>\n<li>EXHIBITOR(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Exhibitor Code<\/span>, Company Name, Area) P<\/li>\n<li>RODUCT(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Product Ref<\/span>, Item name, Price (\u00a3), Exhibitor Code*)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>primary keys<\/strong><\/span> &#8211; these are unique identifiers for each row in a table<\/li>\n<li><strong>foreign keys*<\/strong> \u2013 a primary key from a different table<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Database operations<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Simple search<\/strong> \u2013 a search on ABC Music would return the following<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"721\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2015\/03\/24\/structures-and-links-database\/attachment\/2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/2.png\" data-orig-size=\"480,43\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" 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300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Complex search<\/strong> \u2013 Searching on two (or more) fields at once for example\n<ul>\n<li>Company name = FutureTech and Price &gt; 1500 would return the following<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/3.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"722\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2015\/03\/24\/structures-and-links-database\/attachment\/3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/3.png\" data-orig-size=\"480,21\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" 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300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Simple sort<\/strong> \u2013 Sorting a table by one field, class registers are sorted by surname\n<ul>\n<li>Allan, Tom<\/li>\n<li>Bennet, Gordon<\/li>\n<li>Clark, Petula<\/li>\n<li>Donaldson, Luke<\/li>\n<li>Elliot, Paula<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Complex sort<\/strong> \u2013 same as above but if two people have the same second name they are sorted by first name as well\n<ul>\n<li>Allan, Tom<\/li>\n<li>Bennet, Gordon<\/li>\n<li>Clark, Petula<\/li>\n<li>Donaldson, Luke<\/li>\n<li>Elliot, Paula<\/li>\n<li>Ferguson, Alex<\/li>\n<li>Ferguson, Sarah<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>This is in Alphabetical or Ascending order<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Field types<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>text<\/strong> \u2013 A Roberts, ML1 3XF<\/li>\n<li><strong>numbers<\/strong> &#8211; 124<\/li>\n<li><strong>date<\/strong> \u2013 29 April 2012<\/li>\n<li><strong>time<\/strong> \u2013 08:30<\/li>\n<li><strong>object<\/strong> \u2013 Picture, video or sound file.<\/li>\n<li><strong>calculated<\/strong> \u2013 pay * 20%<\/li>\n<li><strong>link<\/strong> \u2013 www.bbc.co.uk<\/li>\n<li><strong>Boolean<\/strong> \u2013 either yes or no<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00a0Validation<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>presence check<\/strong> \u2013 data must be entered before the user can continue, usually has a star.<\/li>\n<li><strong>restricted choice<\/strong> &#8211; please see below, the user can only select one option.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Benefits<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces the chance of human error<\/li>\n<li>Does not require the user to type a text response<\/li>\n<li>Speeds up the ordering process as inputs are reduced to mouse clicks<\/li>\n<li>Allows the use of a touchscreen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Design<\/h2>\n<p>Good design to avoid data duplication and modification errors (insert, delete, update)<\/p>\n<p>Flat file databases can lead to errors as shown 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300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Is Member Number 1034 a man called John Silver or a woman called Joan Silver?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Database structure: field, record, file Database structure: flat file, linked tables, primary keys, foreign keys Field types (text, numbers, date, time, graphic, object, calculated, link, boolean) Validation (presence check, restricted choice, field length, range) Database operations search, sort (on multiple fields) Good design to avoid data duplication and modification errors (insert, delete, 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