{"id":649,"date":"2015-03-09T23:37:03","date_gmt":"2015-03-09T23:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/?p=649"},"modified":"2015-03-10T22:16:41","modified_gmt":"2015-03-10T22:16:41","slug":"computational-constructs-revision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2015\/03\/09\/computational-constructs-revision\/","title":{"rendered":"Computational Constructs"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Expressions to assign values to variables<\/li>\n<li>Expressions to return values using arithmetic operations (+, -, *, \/, ^, mod)<\/li>\n<li>Execution of lines of code in sequence demonstrating input \u2013 process- output<\/li>\n<li>Expressions to concatenate strings and arrays using the &amp; operator<\/li>\n<li>Use of selection constructs including simple and complex conditional statements and logical operators.<\/li>\n<li>Iteration and repetition using fixed and conditional loops Pre-defined functions (with parameters)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>All code examples are given in Visual basic. You can find more about this topic in chapter 2 of &#8220;How to Pass NATIONAL 5 Computing Science&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>Expressions to assign values to variables<\/h2>\n<p>The end result of an expression represents a value, which is typically of a familiar data type such as <span class=\"input\">Boolean<\/span>, <span class=\"input\">String<\/span>, or a numeric type.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Name=\"Bob the Builder\"<\/pre>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Age=16<\/pre>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Expressions to return values using arithmetic operations (+, -, *, \/, ^, mod)<\/h2>\n<p>The end result of an expression represents a value, which is typically of a familiar data type such as <span class=\"input\">Boolean<\/span>, <span class=\"input\">String<\/span>, or a numeric type.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">msgbox(length*breadth)<\/pre>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">squared=x^2<\/pre>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">remainder=11 mod 2<\/pre>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">perimeter=2*length+2*breadth<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Execution of lines of code in sequence demonstrating input \u2013 process- output<\/h2>\n<p>Procedural languages follow a predetermined sequence. The program below shows Input, Process and output<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">name=inputbox(\"What is your name\") 'input\r\nupperName=upper(name) 'process\r\nmsgbox(\"your name in capitals is \" &amp; upperName) 'output<\/pre>\n<h2>\u00a0Expressions to concatenate strings and arrays using the &amp; operator<\/h2>\n<p>Concatenation is the joining together of two or more strings. Array&#8217;s can also be concatenated into strings.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">fullName=firstName &amp; lastName<\/pre>\n<h2>Use of selection constructs including simple and complex conditional statements and logical operators.<\/h2>\n<p>conditional statements use comparators (Comparison Operators) like &gt;,&lt;,=,&lt;&gt;<\/p>\n<p>Logical operators are used make the comparison more complex AND, OR, NOT<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">If score&gt;=1000 then msgbox(\"well done\")<\/pre>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">if time&gt;12 and hungry=true then msgbox(\"Lunchtime\")<\/pre>\n<h2>Iteration and repetition using fixed and conditional loops<\/h2>\n<p>The terms <em>iteration <\/em>and <em>repetition<\/em> are essentially the same thing in programming. They describe the repeated execution of a block of statements. A repetition or iteration structure is a loop statement. It repeats a block of statements <em>once<\/em>, <em>multiple times<\/em> or <em>not at all<\/em>. It all depends on the loop condition and when this condition is tested.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">For Counter= 1 to 5 ' fixed loop\r\n   msgbox(counter)\r\nnext<\/pre>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Do 'conditional loop\r\n   quit=msgbox(\"Do you want to quit?\",vbYesNo)\r\nloop until quit=vbYes<\/pre>\n<h2>Pre-defined functions (with parameters)<\/h2>\n<p>A pre-defined function is a function that is built into the programming language. Examples include Sin, Cos &amp; Tan<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">capsName=upper(name)<\/pre>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 30px\">dice=int(rnd()*6)+1\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Exemplification of functions<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/Square.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"679\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2015\/03\/09\/computational-constructs-revision\/square\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2015\/03\/Square.png\" data-orig-size=\"547,297\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" 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