{"id":1166,"date":"2016-04-09T10:37:02","date_gmt":"2016-04-09T10:37:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/?p=1166"},"modified":"2016-04-09T10:37:02","modified_gmt":"2016-04-09T10:37:02","slug":"national-5-low-level-operations-and-computer-architecture-revision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/2016\/04\/09\/national-5-low-level-operations-and-computer-architecture-revision\/","title":{"rendered":"National 5 &#8211; Low-level operations and computer architecture (Revision)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Units of storage: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>8 bits = 1 byte<br \/>\n1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte<br \/>\n1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte<br \/>\n1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte<br \/>\n1024 Gigabytes &#8211; 1 Terabyte<br \/>\n1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte<\/p>\n<p><strong>Translation of high-level program code to binary (machine code): <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>interpreters<\/strong> &#8211; translates source code to machine\u00a0code\u00a0line by line, spots errors more easily but takes longer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>compilers<\/strong> &#8211; translates the source code to machine code in one step, does not\u00a0spot errors as line being typed, but more efficient. Creates a run time version (object code) that can&#8217;t be edited.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Use of binary to represent and store:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Real numbers<\/strong> uses mantissa &amp; exponent &#8211; 0.256 X 10<sup>5<\/sup><br \/>\nMantissa = 256 Exponent = 5<\/li>\n<li><strong>Characters<\/strong> &#8211; ASCII allocates a different binary code to each letter, A = 00100001<\/li>\n<li>Instructions, <strong>machine code<\/strong> &#8211; Binary instructions\u00a0the processor can understand 10101011101<\/li>\n<li><strong>Graphics<\/strong> <strong>bit-mapped<\/strong> and <strong>vector<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Bit-mapped graphics are made up of pixels<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/svg\/svg_examples.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Vector graphics<\/a> are described in text\u00a0&lt;rect width=&#8221;300&#8243; height=&#8221;100&#8243; style=&#8221;fill:rgb(0,0,255);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)&#8221;&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Basic computer architecture:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Processor<\/strong> (CU Ah Luv U Right)\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Registers<\/strong> &#8211; temporary storage locations holding data being processed<\/li>\n<li><strong>ALU<\/strong> \u2013 deals with comparisons and arithmetic calculations<\/li>\n<li><strong>control unit<\/strong> &#8211; controls all other parts of the processor, ensures instructions are carried out in the correct order<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Memory<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Random Access Memory<\/strong> &#8211; temporary data storage only held as long as the computer is switched on.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Read only memory<\/strong> &#8211; Permanent memory not lost when the computer is switched off, can&#8217;t be changed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Buses<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>data<\/strong> &#8211; carries data to and from the processor, memory and other devices. Bi-directional<\/li>\n<li><strong>address<\/strong> &#8211; carries address info from processor to the memory.<\/li>\n<li>control &#8211; made up of a number of separate wires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interfaces<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>allows a processor to send and receive data to and from peripherals like printers, scanners, keyboards and projectors.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bluetooth<\/strong> &#8211; Wireless<\/li>\n<li><strong>USB<\/strong> &#8211; Wired<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Units of storage: 8 bits = 1 byte 1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte 1024 Gigabytes &#8211; 1 Terabyte 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte Translation of high-level program code to binary (machine code): interpreters &#8211; translates source code to machine\u00a0code\u00a0line by line, spots errors more easily &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":1077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17938,17013,475],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-computerstructure","category-national-5","category-revision"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/public\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/uploads\/sites\/12638\/2016\/03\/Nat5.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1167,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1166\/revisions\/1167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/nl\/ColtnessHS-ComputingScience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}