{"id":351,"date":"2023-03-21T13:03:14","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T13:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/?page_id=351"},"modified":"2023-03-21T13:19:06","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T13:19:06","slug":"methods-of-production-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/methods-of-production-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods of Production"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Job Production<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Each product is made to order. The product is likely to be unique with one product being finished before the next is started.<\/li>\n<li>Job production often requires skilled workers who can do a variety of tasks.<\/li>\n<li>Job production may be used to make bespoke products such as &#8211; wedding cakes, made to measure suits, designer homes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21125921\/dress.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-352\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21125921\/dress.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"187\" height=\"269\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Advantages<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Product is <strong>unique<\/strong> so products can command a higher price.<\/li>\n<li>Product should be <strong>high quality<\/strong> as skilled workers are involved.<\/li>\n<li>Customer can <strong>request changes<\/strong> to the product specification<\/li>\n<li>Workers are <strong>motivated<\/strong> and engaged by their involvement.<\/li>\n<li>Product is not made until an order has been received.<\/li>\n<li>Skilled workers need high wages, pushing up costs of production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Disadvantages<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Skilled workers need high wages, pushing up costs of production.<\/li>\n<li>Production takes longer to complete &#8211; customers may not be willing to wait and may go to a competitor who has produced batches for sale.<\/li>\n<li>Organisation may experience cash flow problems as they may have to wait until the job is finished before getting payment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Batch Production<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Used to produce a group of <strong>similar products at once<\/strong>, with each batch moving through stages of the production process at the same time.<\/li>\n<li>In between batches, the product <strong>specifications can be changed<\/strong> eg size or flavour.<\/li>\n<li>Batch production allows greater use of machinery but workers may still be involved eg moving batches between each stage, cleaning and resetting machines between batches.<\/li>\n<li>Batch Production is often used to make food products (different flavours), clothing (different sizing), and construction (eg a housing estate).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21130047\/soup.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-353\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21130047\/soup.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21130047\/soup.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21130047\/soup-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Advantages<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Workers can specialise during the process, increasing productivity.<\/li>\n<li>More scope for using machines \u2013 bringing down average unit costs.<\/li>\n<li>Batches can vary in size or design, &#8211; meeting different customer requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Disadvantages<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Time consuming to clean and reset machines between batches.<\/li>\n<li>If holding inventory of partly finished goods \u2013the risks and costs of storage will be high.<\/li>\n<li>Some machinery and equipment may be under-used as it may be unused whilst waiting for the next batch to begin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Batch Production<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Products are made<strong> continuously on a production line<\/strong>, with a different process carried out at each stage.<\/li>\n<li>Every stage on the production line will be in action simultaneously.<\/li>\n<li>Flow production can be <strong>fully automated<\/strong> or mechanised using unskilled workers.<\/li>\n<li>Flow Production is likely to be used to make products for a mass market eg computers, household appliances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21130301\/wash.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-354\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/n5businessmanagement\/uploads\/sites\/10132\/2023\/03\/21130301\/wash.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"168\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Advantages<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of automated production means a higher rate of output and greater accuracy.<\/li>\n<li>Fewer and\/or less skilled workers needed, reducing the wage bill.<\/li>\n<li>Lower production costs allow a lower selling price leading to higher sales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Disadvantages<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Set up costs are high \u2013 investment in machinery required.<\/li>\n<li>Products are standardised \u2013 meaning there may be limited choice for consumers.<\/li>\n<li>Workers may get bored and de-motivated doing repetitive work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Factors Affecting Choice of Production Method<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Nature of the Product<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>An unusual product may use a job production method so that features can be modified to suit customer requirements.<\/li>\n<li>If different versions of a product are needed \u2013 eg sizes, colours or flavours \u2013 batch production methods may be used.<\/li>\n<li>Products with standardised features may use flow production as greater use of machinery and automation can be made.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Size of the Market (Level of Demand)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Products required on a \u2018one-off\u2019 basis, or for a \u2018niche\u2019 market are suited to job production methods.<\/li>\n<li>Products required for the \u2018mass\u2019 market are more suited to flow or batch methods of production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Quality Standard Required<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Products with bespoke features, needing skilled judgements to identify problems with quality, may be suited to a job production method of production.<\/li>\n<li>Products needing precision and\/or consistency of quality may use an automated system, with flow or batch methods of production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Availability of Resources (Finance\/Staff\/Technology)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>If start-up finance is available, flow methods may be chosen, otherwise a more modest job approach may be used.<\/li>\n<li>If the organisation has sufficient space, it may set up a flow production assembly line, as opposed to job production if space is limited.<\/li>\n<li>If the workforce available is skilled, then job production may be used, whereas a shortage of skilled workers might require the use of a flow production approach.<\/li>\n<li>As technology advances there are more tasks which can be automated, opening possibilities for greater use of flow production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Job Production Each product is made to order. The product is likely to be unique with one product being finished before the next is started. Job production often requires skilled workers who can do a variety of tasks. Job production may be used to make bespoke products such as &#8211; wedding cakes, made to measure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79984,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-351","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/79984"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=351"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":356,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351\/revisions\/356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/n5businessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}