{"id":23333,"date":"2024-09-16T09:42:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T08:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/?p=23333"},"modified":"2024-10-11T14:26:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T13:26:38","slug":"cyber-9-12-challenge-week-3-an-attack-or-not-an-attack-that-is-the-question-cyber-incidents-and-international-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/09\/16\/cyber-9-12-challenge-week-3-an-attack-or-not-an-attack-that-is-the-question-cyber-incidents-and-international-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyber 9\/12 Strategy Challenge WEEK 3: \u201cAn attack, or not an attack: that is the question\u201d &#8211; Cyber Incidents and international law"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"builder-section-text_12\" class=\"builder-section-first builder-section builder-section-text builder-section-next-text builder-text-columns-1\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-row\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-text_12-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"23437\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/09\/16\/cyber-9-12-challenge-week-3-an-attack-or-not-an-attack-that-is-the-question-cyber-incidents-and-international-law\/presentation-4-003-2-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170.png\" data-orig-size=\"960,148\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Presentation 4.003 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170-300x46.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170.png\" class=\"wpa-warning wpa-image-missing-alt aligncenter wp-image-23437 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"148\" data-warning=\"Missing alt text\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170.png 960w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/19111056\/Presentation-4.003-2-e1726740669170-768x118.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-text_69\" class=\"builder-section-prev-text builder-section builder-section-text builder-section-next-text builder-text-columns-1\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-row\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-text_69-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a id=\"ttfmake-1726238583\" class=\"ttfmake-button\" style=\"background-color: #171717; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 100px;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/09\/19\/cyber-9-12-challenge\/\" data-hover-background-color=\"#171717\" data-hover-color=\"#ffffff\">go to 9\/12 home page<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In this unit students will be introduced to one of the most complex areas of cyber security: its relationship with international law, specifically the International Laws of Armed Conflict and International Humanitarian Law.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many major cyber incidents, such as Stuxnet, do not explicitly, categorically or obviously breach international law. Making a case is problematic and requires careful consideration and argument. In this unit, students will receive an introduction to international law, how it can be applied to major cyber incidents, and what states can do should they experience one.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In all of the above, the key skill participants will gain is arguing for and making a case for a particular view, even when there is no clear-cut right or wrong answer. The key skill is creating and presenting a particular case to decision-makers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One of the critical areas to be covered in this section is the complex relationship between reserved and devolved responsibilities when responding to cyber incidents. While these policy areas are clearly separated between the UK Government (which retains cyber security policy) and the Scottish Government (which is concerned about the impact of a cyber incident on Scotland and its people), the nature of cyber incidents is such that the distinction between devolved and reserved areas is blurred. How policy- and decision-makers navigate these complexities is increasingly important in today\u2019s digitalized world.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-text_202\" class=\"builder-section-prev-text builder-section builder-section-text builder-section-next-panels builder-text-columns-1\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<h3 class=\"builder-text-section-title\">\n        Learning outcomes    <\/h3>\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-row\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-text_202-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<div class=\"OutlineElement Ltr SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.5042px; font-family: Arial, Arial_EmbeddedFont, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif;\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\">By the end of<\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.5042px; font-family: Arial, Arial_EmbeddedFont, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"> Week 3, <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.5042px; font-family: Arial, Arial_EmbeddedFont, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif;\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\">students will <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-image: var(--urlContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2,); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;\">have:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"OutlineElement Ltr SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;\"><span class=\"EOP SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.5042px; font-family: Arial, Arial_EmbeddedFont, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif;\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ListContainerWrapper SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<ol>\n<li class=\"Paragraph SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.5042px; font-family: Arial, Arial_EmbeddedFont, Arial_MSFontService, sans-serif;\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\">Explored the Laws of Armed Conflict (<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\">LOAC<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\">) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and set out basic foundations for these bodies of law to increase awareness of these legal instruments.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"Paragraph SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\">Explored the complex natured relationship cyber security and resilience has with IHL and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\">LOAC<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;\"> by examining a major cyber incident (Stuxnet) the legal position.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"Paragraph SCXW73303651 BCX8\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;\">Discussed and explained with increased confidence how cyber incidents relate to international law, acknowledging the complex nature of that relationship and the fact that the students are not trained lawyers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-panels_250\" class=\"builder-section-prev-text builder-section builder-section-panels builder-section-next-text accordion-mode\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"ttfmp-accordion-container\" data-height-style=\"\"  data-start-collapsed=\"false\">\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_258\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\t1. Watch this video<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_258\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><div  id=\"_ytid_81045\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OXDgxsPNp3w?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=1&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\"  alt=\"YouTube player\"  src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/OXDgxsPNp3w\/maxresdefault.jpg\"  \/><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_267\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\t2. Read these<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_267\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/16094018\/2-LOAC-101-for-Schools.pdf\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW238688483 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238688483 BCX8\">S5\/S6 primer on LOAC<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW238688483 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/16094017\/3-schools-primer-on-Stuxnet-and-LOAC.pdf\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW204283963 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW204283963 BCX8\">S5\/S6 primer on Stuxnet and international law<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW204283963 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"ttfmake-1728642190\" class=\"ttfmake-button\" style=\"background-color: #171717;color: #ffffff;font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;padding: 4px 10px;border-radius: 100px\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/6243981\" data-hover-background-color=\"#171717\" data-hover-color=\"#ffffff\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Prof M Schmitt, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201cAttack\u201d as a term of art in International Law: the cyber operations context\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"ttfmake-1728642175\" class=\"ttfmake-button\" style=\"background-color: #171717;color: #ffffff;font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;padding: 4px 10px;border-radius: 100px\" href=\"https:\/\/cejsh.icm.edu.pl\/cejsh\/element\/bwmeta1.element.desklight-d6f9de01-e9e1-4ddd-b1bb-cfddbbd8e7cd\" data-hover-background-color=\"#171717\" data-hover-color=\"#ffffff\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Jansons Janis, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Was Stuxnet an act of war?\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<p>An academic login may be required to access these.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_276\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\t3. Group activities<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_276\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p>In your groups, discuss how, or if, international law can be applied to cyber incidents.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In your groups, prepare a 10minute presentation addressing the unit\u2019s four questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>In your opinion, can major cyber incidents breach International Law? Explain your answer using Stuxnet as an example.<\/li>\n<li>What elements of International Law are relevant to the discussion of major cyber incidents such as Stuxnet?<\/li>\n<li>Who or what policies and enforces the international laws relevant to your answers to Questions 1 and 2?<\/li>\n<li>Which policy areas that are devolved to Scotland could be impacted by a cyber incident?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_285\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\t4. Assessment<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_285\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW174975592 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW174975592 BCX8\">10-minute<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW174975592 BCX8\"> oral presentation and feedback from module leader<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW174975592 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-text_84\" class=\"builder-section-prev-panels builder-section builder-section-text builder-section-last builder-text-columns-1\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-row\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-text_84-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"23758\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/09\/19\/cyber-9-12-challenge\/presentation-4-001-6-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393.png\" data-orig-size=\"960,72\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Presentation 4.001 6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393-300x23.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393.png\" class=\"wpa-warning wpa-image-missing-alt aligncenter wp-image-23758 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"72\" data-warning=\"Missing alt text\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393.png 960w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393-300x23.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/09\/11113648\/Presentation-4.001-6-1-e1728643041393-768x58.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>go to 9\/12 home page \u00a0 In this unit students will be introduced to one of the most complex areas of cyber security: its relationship with international law, specifically the International Laws of Armed Conflict and International Humanitarian Law.\u00a0 \u00a0 Many major cyber incidents, such as Stuxnet, do not explicitly, categorically or obviously breach international 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