{"id":22522,"date":"2024-06-24T15:26:03","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T14:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/?p=22522"},"modified":"2024-08-14T13:08:18","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T12:08:18","slug":"computing-in-primary-schools-teacher-survival-kit-second-level","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/06\/24\/computing-in-primary-schools-teacher-survival-kit-second-level\/","title":{"rendered":"Computing in Primary Schools: teacher survival kit SECOND LEVEL"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"builder-section-text_12\" class=\"builder-section-first builder-section builder-section-text builder-section-next-panels builder-text-columns-2 layout-6\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-row\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-text_12-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<p>This series of resources is designed to lay the foundations of learners developing an understanding of what computers are and how they work. This level introduces the concepts of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>computers are machines designed to do jobs<\/li>\n<li>computers have instructions to tell them how to do those jobs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The learning will be about identifying the different jobs computers do in their lives and the wider world. It is important to link between the physical computer (parts) and the instructions (apps\/software) that controls them.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-2\" id=\"builder-section-text_12-column-2\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a id=\"ttfmake-1722420268\" class=\"ttfmake-button\" style=\"background-color: #171717; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 100px;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/06\/24\/computing-in-primary-schools-teacher-survival-kit\/\" data-hover-background-color=\"#171717\" data-hover-color=\"#ffffff\">go to primary computing survival kit home<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"22745\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/06\/24\/computing-in-primary-schools-teacher-survival-kit-second-level\/7-5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7.png\" data-orig-size=\"1260,709\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7-300x169.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7-1024x576.png\" class=\"wpa-warning wpa-image-missing-alt alignleft wp-image-22745 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-warning=\"Missing alt text\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/public\/digilearn\/uploads\/sites\/6913\/2024\/06\/31111701\/7.png 1260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-panels_928\" class=\"builder-section-prev-text builder-section builder-section-panels builder-section-next-text accordion-mode\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"ttfmp-accordion-container\" data-height-style=\"\"  data-start-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_936\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\tEducator notes<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_936\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zxb72hv\/revision\/1\">Computer systems<\/a> have a common model, the <strong>von Neuman<\/strong> architecture, which almost every machine is designed with:<br \/>inputs &#8211; <strong>memory\/processor\/storage<\/strong> &#8211; outputs<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>processor<\/strong> runs the software, executing one instruction at a time. The instructions (for every app running) is stored in <strong>memory<\/strong> until the <strong>processor<\/strong> is ready for the next line. So too, are any <strong>inputs<\/strong> until processed. Anything that needs to be kept after the computer is turned off is &#8216;saved&#8217; in <strong>storage<\/strong>, such as a <strong>hard disk<\/strong> or &#8216;the <strong>cloud<\/strong>&#8216;.<\/p>\n<p>Computers can be connected to each other to share data and resources. The <strong>internet<\/strong> is the biggest and most common computer <strong>network<\/strong> in the world. Information is sent between computers using <strong>cables<\/strong> under the ground and under the sea. Although we often think of mobile devices being &#8216;wireless&#8217; they use <strong>radio<\/strong> waves to send information a short distance to a <strong>router<\/strong> (WiFi) or <strong>transmitter<\/strong> (3G, 4G or 5G).<\/p>\n<p>The world wide web or &#8216;web&#8217; is the most common user-friendly <strong>software<\/strong> used to navigate the <strong>internet<\/strong> (the <strong>hardware<\/strong>). This is often done using web <strong>browsers<\/strong>, such as Edge, Chrome or Safari.<\/p>\n<p>Computers use a voltage (on or off) to activate or not activate a series of switches. This is how a <strong>processor<\/strong> processes the <strong>code<\/strong>. IS is represented by a (high) voltage and the computer processes this using the number 1. IS NOT is represented by no or low voltage and the computer understands this to be the number 0. This is how every computer works.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>binary<\/strong> number system can only represent the number <strong>0 or 1<\/strong> in each place value. The first four place values being 8, 4, 2, 1 as opposed to our denary system which can represent 0-9 in each place, with the first four places being 1000, 100, 10, 1.<\/p>\n<p>Modern computers use millions, if not billions, of microscopic switches, to make millions of decisions (<strong>selections<\/strong>) per second. This gives the illusion that computers can do lots of things at one time, such as run the operating system, web browser, play music, and display on the screen.<\/p>\n<p>The main bit for learners is that computers are simple machines that have complicated processes. In order to make them easier to use Grace Hopper created the first &#8216;<strong>high level code<\/strong>&#8216; that looked like English. This is what we generally mean by code. <strong>Block-based code<\/strong> is an even higher level of code making it even easier to understand.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_1001\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\tHow the computer &#8216;thinks&#8217;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_1001\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In between the <strong>inputs<\/strong> and <strong>outputs<\/strong> there are other components that make up the computer. Three of these components are the <strong>processor, storage <\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>memory<\/strong> (sometimes called <strong>RAM<\/strong> (Random Access Memory)).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Learners should read and make notes to remember this information:<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Computers store things (even when turned off) in <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">storage<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, usually a <strong>disk<\/strong> (local disk, such as a Hard Disk (HDD) or DVD) or on the <strong>cloud<\/strong> (remote disk, such as OneDrive).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The computer loads the instructions it needs into the <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">memory <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">until the <strong>processor<\/strong> needs to use them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">processor <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">gets the instructions (one line at a time!) from <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">memory <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and works out what it needs to do \u2013 this might be check <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inputs<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, display data on <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">outputs<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, or make a decision (<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">selection<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">Processor:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/zs7s4wx\/articles\/z7wckty#z9cybqt\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Inputs and outputs &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Memory: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/zf2f9j6\/articles\/z6rts82#zt9nvj6\">How is all our digital data stored? &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Storage:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/zf2f9j6\/articles\/z6rts82#z7bxp9q\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">How do digital devices store information? &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">They can then investigate Alan Turing and his role in the development of computing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"http:\/\/Alan Turing Facts for Kids (kiddle.co)\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">Alan Turing<\/a> was a computer scientist and mathematician who was very important in the development of this structure and process. He also played an important part in WW2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_1007\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\tHow computers store data<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_1007\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Computers were originally mechanical devices (see back to Tommy Flowers and Colossus!) and used switches to make the decisions (<strong>selection<\/strong>) but these were too big. Modern computers use tiny <strong>switches<\/strong> called <strong>transistors<\/strong> and can have billions in each computer (even a phone!)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using literal switches meant a decision (<strong>selection<\/strong>) had to be made using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsisfun.com\/sets\/boolean-algebra.html\">Boolean logic<\/a> (IS (True) or IS NOT (False)) &#8211; the switch is either \u2018open\u2019 or \u2018closed\u2019. So computers were programmed using <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsisfun.com\/binary-number-system.html\">binary <\/a><\/strong>(number system using only 0 (False) and 1 (True), instead of 0-9)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This gets complex, so keep learners to knowing computers store everything in <strong>0s and 1s<\/strong> and let them wonder or investigate how this might work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/zf2f9j6\/articles\/z6rts82#zrskjfr\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">How is all our digital data stored? &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Investigate how <a href=\"https:\/\/kids.kiddle.co\/Grace_Hopper\">Grace Hopper, <\/a>a <strong>computer scientist<\/strong>, and <strong>mathematician<\/strong>, invented a form of <strong>code<\/strong> that looked like English. This made it easier for <strong>programmers<\/strong> to create instructions for computers and led to the <strong>block-code<\/strong> we have used so far.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_1013\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\tThe internet<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_1013\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p>A new concept to introduce is that of computer <strong>networks<\/strong> &#8211; two or more computers being connected and able to share data and resources. The <strong>internet<\/strong> is the biggest and most widely used example of this.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/zs7s4wx\/articles\/z9n6p4j\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Networks &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/zs7s4wx\/articles\/zjbf3j6\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The internet &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The internet relies on physical connections using <strong>cables<\/strong>. Learners might consider digital devices to be <strong>wireless<\/strong> but they are only able to send information a short distance using <strong>radio<\/strong> waves to either a <strong>router<\/strong> (computer) or <strong>transmitter<\/strong> (phone).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H9R4tznCNB0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A Journey To The Bottom Of The Internet (youtube.com)<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ve810FHZ1CQ\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thin underwater cables hold the internet. See a map of them all. (youtube.com)<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.barefootcomputing.org\/resources\/modelling-the-internet\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/www.barefootcomputing.org\/resources\/modelling-the-internet<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/helloruby.com\/loveletters\/PDF+materials\/Task+24.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">ruby &#8211; hiding in plain sight internet components<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Like most computer systems, the <strong>internet<\/strong> has been made easier to use with modern <strong>software<\/strong>, this is the <strong>world wide web<\/strong> or <strong>web<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Investigate the role of <a href=\"https:\/\/kids.kiddle.co\/Tim_Berners-Lee\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tim Berners Lee<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> in developing the <strong>web<\/strong>, <strong>web browser<\/strong> and some <strong>internet protocols<\/strong> (http, URL)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title-panels-item_1019\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-title\">\n\tChecking learning<\/div>\n<div id=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content-panels-item_1019\" class=\"ttfmp-panels-item-content\">\n<p>Learners should be able to describe the von Neuman model of a computer:<br \/>input, process, memory, storage and output<\/p>\n<p>Learners should be able to use block-based code to create a short set of instructions in the correct sequence and using a selection and creating a variable:<\/p>\n<p>Learners should be able to predict what a set of instructions in block-based code might do and fix it:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-text_942\" class=\"builder-section-prev-panels builder-section builder-section-text builder-section-last builder-text-columns-1\" style=\"background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center center;\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-row\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-text_942-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><a id=\"ttfmake-1722420268\" class=\"ttfmake-button\" style=\"background-color: #171717; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 100px;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/2024\/06\/24\/computing-in-primary-schools-teacher-survival-kit\/\" data-hover-background-color=\"#171717\" data-hover-color=\"#ffffff\">go to primary computing survival kit home<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This series of resources is designed to lay the foundations of learners developing an understanding of what computers are and how they work. This level introduces the concepts of: computers are machines designed to do jobs computers have instructions to tell them how to do those jobs The learning will be about identifying the different &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61927,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cs-primary-survival-kit"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61927"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22522"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22897,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22522\/revisions\/22897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/glowblogs\/digilearn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}