{"id":52,"date":"2014-10-21T07:40:21","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T07:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/soaps-and-emulsifiers\/"},"modified":"2015-05-19T11:32:06","modified_gmt":"2015-05-19T11:32:06","slug":"soaps-and-emulsifiers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/soaps-and-emulsifiers\/","title":{"rendered":"Exercise 9:  Soaps and Emulsifiers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/Hchem1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-43\" title=\"Hchem1\" src=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/Hchem1-1024x69.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&#038;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBMaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDjPiT1PK4%2BQnG0bVScUp0UxBPHmEafPPxuoFTsoAkWzwIhAPacJZG3%2BqTtC0GqAOFyeph941mMJcl0ijdZ17rTkYErKsIFCNz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxdy28oWVCRA0Vt0SMqlgVUQErhE2qFePBQCMGZnA%2FmzdnVgB7Kiy7STc7sML4lQcKvOOEbf1877OyZO7sRpqXY6gudkMA0nASd4hMiedylBq%2F05fPZa284K8YxSXjrjX0h48eb0gzK%2BMWrA2QgKscdRfEG2MF%2FMfg3JpbAdcKyiUNvkT%2FiGnkhc1ZzeNFJPqRazOF05MRFQ6QEgWV4u7%2FFtSyEtSbw4a5hk4O%2FbAAZgfcHnJUMuYozO8b%2FSX2RDxmvCRcEL4ZeSx0lU%2Fl4yvHSKb8sPPMXrPTdetVWCqVujDVKl8pFqgehAdGliFbREJog36mc%2BmCP3TIj7PY7JHItVrJ8LRQscvQVfviX%2BmiJK%2FLBwdiy12sQ7UoklV52HTRwyXmVTb7byuMNvoDQYaruaTK8dDfNF3pm%2FVuNy8jMRRSDPjeMwGMbPa1dK4QmtUS3u3ZZlUFBWWf9ebBfP7%2Bm3rqaHbXBdnucCaZtrP9vAQGvfSARtxTFnTMJip%2FIM9wpAUTPDWNMyh12AfSYPr2KQNTBnRIXa3t0LMbRuQwfDkfAtOA9dU2HTTaxu5IGcita0ucXyWE4Cd1VWZdSFDRHMHSnBxk2vWZ2cRgLm%2BME6PK9oM01EmsLTa4ld554E%2BOqjNKRwWgFZmJ0c452FjYYOkLSie3UCjYGzowas5w%2BM8qN8O1AtvFTzAui%2F1%2FAQaQmatutKGk5vWRBs3sSK6z28AS8GU9JS6Pw8doZa%2B0M2p6YMP%2BzDuCRROdxG91SaVUZjhXHgna3TI0q9NpqywGRK2ZfzxL5GuFKhjDSjh0q%2Br0lqfgBGOXNDUslGNq6jWd1qJeNL4cnkLCwTEscY9kBFCX5NUjT7RTWdeZV1orf0Q9lx%2FEuRbmjeDkF5xLrTsmkbHkvlDDltPrPBjqwARpTnSZw7xrqEsUMbKvvmiohaBbYR2h0JUlHl%2B6gziHxrIr%2FkuTAsbyOHz%2FsADHmzoE8PsIP558hUPsncAT80JcHJEGkJBRrkQT94phA%2B8EACcJiBIJKuv%2F2w3Vv0UMm4QVrgBG6uckK7d7uCVUkdt%2B1ra%2FPkFpI2y7e4SCk4NIUBwqzDK7%2BZ3f8UZBvDFwezyDsOqLJC0wfUhdVfJsliKobaTVX6wgF%2By%2BsDxpq3sQ4&#038;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&#038;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UU7ZJV36S%2F20260509%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&#038;X-Amz-Date=20260509T022321Z&#038;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&#038;X-Amz-Expires=899&#038;X-Amz-Signature=ec97d22ee3f520cd9fa98f079869db2c3e1e19754f39e581782d4ae41bfe7645\" 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srcset=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/Hchem1-1024x69.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBMaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDjPiT1PK4%2BQnG0bVScUp0UxBPHmEafPPxuoFTsoAkWzwIhAPacJZG3%2BqTtC0GqAOFyeph941mMJcl0ijdZ17rTkYErKsIFCNz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxdy28oWVCRA0Vt0SMqlgVUQErhE2qFePBQCMGZnA%2FmzdnVgB7Kiy7STc7sML4lQcKvOOEbf1877OyZO7sRpqXY6gudkMA0nASd4hMiedylBq%2F05fPZa284K8YxSXjrjX0h48eb0gzK%2BMWrA2QgKscdRfEG2MF%2FMfg3JpbAdcKyiUNvkT%2FiGnkhc1ZzeNFJPqRazOF05MRFQ6QEgWV4u7%2FFtSyEtSbw4a5hk4O%2FbAAZgfcHnJUMuYozO8b%2FSX2RDxmvCRcEL4ZeSx0lU%2Fl4yvHSKb8sPPMXrPTdetVWCqVujDVKl8pFqgehAdGliFbREJog36mc%2BmCP3TIj7PY7JHItVrJ8LRQscvQVfviX%2BmiJK%2FLBwdiy12sQ7UoklV52HTRwyXmVTb7byuMNvoDQYaruaTK8dDfNF3pm%2FVuNy8jMRRSDPjeMwGMbPa1dK4QmtUS3u3ZZlUFBWWf9ebBfP7%2Bm3rqaHbXBdnucCaZtrP9vAQGvfSARtxTFnTMJip%2FIM9wpAUTPDWNMyh12AfSYPr2KQNTBnRIXa3t0LMbRuQwfDkfAtOA9dU2HTTaxu5IGcita0ucXyWE4Cd1VWZdSFDRHMHSnBxk2vWZ2cRgLm%2BME6PK9oM01EmsLTa4ld554E%2BOqjNKRwWgFZmJ0c452FjYYOkLSie3UCjYGzowas5w%2BM8qN8O1AtvFTzAui%2F1%2FAQaQmatutKGk5vWRBs3sSK6z28AS8GU9JS6Pw8doZa%2B0M2p6YMP%2BzDuCRROdxG91SaVUZjhXHgna3TI0q9NpqywGRK2ZfzxL5GuFKhjDSjh0q%2Br0lqfgBGOXNDUslGNq6jWd1qJeNL4cnkLCwTEscY9kBFCX5NUjT7RTWdeZV1orf0Q9lx%2FEuRbmjeDkF5xLrTsmkbHkvlDDltPrPBjqwARpTnSZw7xrqEsUMbKvvmiohaBbYR2h0JUlHl%2B6gziHxrIr%2FkuTAsbyOHz%2FsADHmzoE8PsIP558hUPsncAT80JcHJEGkJBRrkQT94phA%2B8EACcJiBIJKuv%2F2w3Vv0UMm4QVrgBG6uckK7d7uCVUkdt%2B1ra%2FPkFpI2y7e4SCk4NIUBwqzDK7%2BZ3f8UZBvDFwezyDsOqLJC0wfUhdVfJsliKobaTVX6wgF%2By%2BsDxpq3sQ4&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UU7ZJV36S%2F20260509%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260509T022321Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=c789cf232935fa9cfcf372bc300e4e18aaf13cfbc3a08a44ccd67dc1eb574c5c 1024w, https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/Hchem1-300x20.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBMaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDjPiT1PK4%2BQnG0bVScUp0UxBPHmEafPPxuoFTsoAkWzwIhAPacJZG3%2BqTtC0GqAOFyeph941mMJcl0ijdZ17rTkYErKsIFCNz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxdy28oWVCRA0Vt0SMqlgVUQErhE2qFePBQCMGZnA%2FmzdnVgB7Kiy7STc7sML4lQcKvOOEbf1877OyZO7sRpqXY6gudkMA0nASd4hMiedylBq%2F05fPZa284K8YxSXjrjX0h48eb0gzK%2BMWrA2QgKscdRfEG2MF%2FMfg3JpbAdcKyiUNvkT%2FiGnkhc1ZzeNFJPqRazOF05MRFQ6QEgWV4u7%2FFtSyEtSbw4a5hk4O%2FbAAZgfcHnJUMuYozO8b%2FSX2RDxmvCRcEL4ZeSx0lU%2Fl4yvHSKb8sPPMXrPTdetVWCqVujDVKl8pFqgehAdGliFbREJog36mc%2BmCP3TIj7PY7JHItVrJ8LRQscvQVfviX%2BmiJK%2FLBwdiy12sQ7UoklV52HTRwyXmVTb7byuMNvoDQYaruaTK8dDfNF3pm%2FVuNy8jMRRSDPjeMwGMbPa1dK4QmtUS3u3ZZlUFBWWf9ebBfP7%2Bm3rqaHbXBdnucCaZtrP9vAQGvfSARtxTFnTMJip%2FIM9wpAUTPDWNMyh12AfSYPr2KQNTBnRIXa3t0LMbRuQwfDkfAtOA9dU2HTTaxu5IGcita0ucXyWE4Cd1VWZdSFDRHMHSnBxk2vWZ2cRgLm%2BME6PK9oM01EmsLTa4ld554E%2BOqjNKRwWgFZmJ0c452FjYYOkLSie3UCjYGzowas5w%2BM8qN8O1AtvFTzAui%2F1%2FAQaQmatutKGk5vWRBs3sSK6z28AS8GU9JS6Pw8doZa%2B0M2p6YMP%2BzDuCRROdxG91SaVUZjhXHgna3TI0q9NpqywGRK2ZfzxL5GuFKhjDSjh0q%2Br0lqfgBGOXNDUslGNq6jWd1qJeNL4cnkLCwTEscY9kBFCX5NUjT7RTWdeZV1orf0Q9lx%2FEuRbmjeDkF5xLrTsmkbHkvlDDltPrPBjqwARpTnSZw7xrqEsUMbKvvmiohaBbYR2h0JUlHl%2B6gziHxrIr%2FkuTAsbyOHz%2FsADHmzoE8PsIP558hUPsncAT80JcHJEGkJBRrkQT94phA%2B8EACcJiBIJKuv%2F2w3Vv0UMm4QVrgBG6uckK7d7uCVUkdt%2B1ra%2FPkFpI2y7e4SCk4NIUBwqzDK7%2BZ3f8UZBvDFwezyDsOqLJC0wfUhdVfJsliKobaTVX6wgF%2By%2BsDxpq3sQ4&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UU7ZJV36S%2F20260509%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260509T022321Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=6c3494a60f0dcba68b842da1b677d491edc8e2f8d42f18478e7b254245150895 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 85vw, 725px\" \/><\/a>1. Explain what is meant by the terms<br \/>\na) hydrophilic b) hydrophobic.<\/p>\n<p>2. Describe how soap can clean a fat stain from clothing. You should use the following words in your answer:<br \/>\n<strong><em>ionic head,\u00a0 \u00a0covalent tail,\u00a0 \u00a0hydrophobic,\u00a0 \u00a0hydrophilic,\u00a0 \u00a0polar,\u00a0 \u00a0non-polar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>3. Soap can be produced by the reaction of fats and oils with sodium hydroxide solution.<br \/>\na) Name the kind of reaction that is taking place.<br \/>\nb) Describe the structure of soap<\/p>\n<p>4. Small children can find it difficult to swallow tablets or pills so ibuprofen is supplied as an \u201cinfant formula\u201d emulsion.<br \/>\nThe emulsifier used is polysorbate 80. Its structure is shown below.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6a.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-110\" title=\"HChem 2_6a\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6a.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"613\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6a.png 613w, https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6a-300x100.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBMaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDjPiT1PK4%2BQnG0bVScUp0UxBPHmEafPPxuoFTsoAkWzwIhAPacJZG3%2BqTtC0GqAOFyeph941mMJcl0ijdZ17rTkYErKsIFCNz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxdy28oWVCRA0Vt0SMqlgVUQErhE2qFePBQCMGZnA%2FmzdnVgB7Kiy7STc7sML4lQcKvOOEbf1877OyZO7sRpqXY6gudkMA0nASd4hMiedylBq%2F05fPZa284K8YxSXjrjX0h48eb0gzK%2BMWrA2QgKscdRfEG2MF%2FMfg3JpbAdcKyiUNvkT%2FiGnkhc1ZzeNFJPqRazOF05MRFQ6QEgWV4u7%2FFtSyEtSbw4a5hk4O%2FbAAZgfcHnJUMuYozO8b%2FSX2RDxmvCRcEL4ZeSx0lU%2Fl4yvHSKb8sPPMXrPTdetVWCqVujDVKl8pFqgehAdGliFbREJog36mc%2BmCP3TIj7PY7JHItVrJ8LRQscvQVfviX%2BmiJK%2FLBwdiy12sQ7UoklV52HTRwyXmVTb7byuMNvoDQYaruaTK8dDfNF3pm%2FVuNy8jMRRSDPjeMwGMbPa1dK4QmtUS3u3ZZlUFBWWf9ebBfP7%2Bm3rqaHbXBdnucCaZtrP9vAQGvfSARtxTFnTMJip%2FIM9wpAUTPDWNMyh12AfSYPr2KQNTBnRIXa3t0LMbRuQwfDkfAtOA9dU2HTTaxu5IGcita0ucXyWE4Cd1VWZdSFDRHMHSnBxk2vWZ2cRgLm%2BME6PK9oM01EmsLTa4ld554E%2BOqjNKRwWgFZmJ0c452FjYYOkLSie3UCjYGzowas5w%2BM8qN8O1AtvFTzAui%2F1%2FAQaQmatutKGk5vWRBs3sSK6z28AS8GU9JS6Pw8doZa%2B0M2p6YMP%2BzDuCRROdxG91SaVUZjhXHgna3TI0q9NpqywGRK2ZfzxL5GuFKhjDSjh0q%2Br0lqfgBGOXNDUslGNq6jWd1qJeNL4cnkLCwTEscY9kBFCX5NUjT7RTWdeZV1orf0Q9lx%2FEuRbmjeDkF5xLrTsmkbHkvlDDltPrPBjqwARpTnSZw7xrqEsUMbKvvmiohaBbYR2h0JUlHl%2B6gziHxrIr%2FkuTAsbyOHz%2FsADHmzoE8PsIP558hUPsncAT80JcHJEGkJBRrkQT94phA%2B8EACcJiBIJKuv%2F2w3Vv0UMm4QVrgBG6uckK7d7uCVUkdt%2B1ra%2FPkFpI2y7e4SCk4NIUBwqzDK7%2BZ3f8UZBvDFwezyDsOqLJC0wfUhdVfJsliKobaTVX6wgF%2By%2BsDxpq3sQ4&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UU7ZJV36S%2F20260509%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260509T022321Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=789e7e2d4db65ac111d141d7afac1958bc49a16ac0689ea91800941931f620f9 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 613px) 85vw, 613px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Explain why this molecule acts as an emulsifier.<\/p>\n<p>5. Glycerol monostearate is an emulsifier used in chocolate.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6b.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-111\" title=\"HChem 2_6b\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"585\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6b.png 585w, https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6b-300x59.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBMaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDjPiT1PK4%2BQnG0bVScUp0UxBPHmEafPPxuoFTsoAkWzwIhAPacJZG3%2BqTtC0GqAOFyeph941mMJcl0ijdZ17rTkYErKsIFCNz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxdy28oWVCRA0Vt0SMqlgVUQErhE2qFePBQCMGZnA%2FmzdnVgB7Kiy7STc7sML4lQcKvOOEbf1877OyZO7sRpqXY6gudkMA0nASd4hMiedylBq%2F05fPZa284K8YxSXjrjX0h48eb0gzK%2BMWrA2QgKscdRfEG2MF%2FMfg3JpbAdcKyiUNvkT%2FiGnkhc1ZzeNFJPqRazOF05MRFQ6QEgWV4u7%2FFtSyEtSbw4a5hk4O%2FbAAZgfcHnJUMuYozO8b%2FSX2RDxmvCRcEL4ZeSx0lU%2Fl4yvHSKb8sPPMXrPTdetVWCqVujDVKl8pFqgehAdGliFbREJog36mc%2BmCP3TIj7PY7JHItVrJ8LRQscvQVfviX%2BmiJK%2FLBwdiy12sQ7UoklV52HTRwyXmVTb7byuMNvoDQYaruaTK8dDfNF3pm%2FVuNy8jMRRSDPjeMwGMbPa1dK4QmtUS3u3ZZlUFBWWf9ebBfP7%2Bm3rqaHbXBdnucCaZtrP9vAQGvfSARtxTFnTMJip%2FIM9wpAUTPDWNMyh12AfSYPr2KQNTBnRIXa3t0LMbRuQwfDkfAtOA9dU2HTTaxu5IGcita0ucXyWE4Cd1VWZdSFDRHMHSnBxk2vWZ2cRgLm%2BME6PK9oM01EmsLTa4ld554E%2BOqjNKRwWgFZmJ0c452FjYYOkLSie3UCjYGzowas5w%2BM8qN8O1AtvFTzAui%2F1%2FAQaQmatutKGk5vWRBs3sSK6z28AS8GU9JS6Pw8doZa%2B0M2p6YMP%2BzDuCRROdxG91SaVUZjhXHgna3TI0q9NpqywGRK2ZfzxL5GuFKhjDSjh0q%2Br0lqfgBGOXNDUslGNq6jWd1qJeNL4cnkLCwTEscY9kBFCX5NUjT7RTWdeZV1orf0Q9lx%2FEuRbmjeDkF5xLrTsmkbHkvlDDltPrPBjqwARpTnSZw7xrqEsUMbKvvmiohaBbYR2h0JUlHl%2B6gziHxrIr%2FkuTAsbyOHz%2FsADHmzoE8PsIP558hUPsncAT80JcHJEGkJBRrkQT94phA%2B8EACcJiBIJKuv%2F2w3Vv0UMm4QVrgBG6uckK7d7uCVUkdt%2B1ra%2FPkFpI2y7e4SCk4NIUBwqzDK7%2BZ3f8UZBvDFwezyDsOqLJC0wfUhdVfJsliKobaTVX6wgF%2By%2BsDxpq3sQ4&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UU7ZJV36S%2F20260509%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260509T022321Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=ed73c872d44c98ac6a66feefa54110266b8f7629ae4648b972bf711f71715424 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 85vw, 585px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>a) Why is glycerol monostearate added to chocolate?<\/p>\n<p>b) Draw a structural formula for glycerol.<br \/>\nc) Copy the structure and label the hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas of the molecule<\/p>\n<p>6. Stearic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium stearate.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6c.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-112\" title=\"HChem 2_6c\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6c.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6c.png 541w, https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5081\/2014\/10\/HChem-2_6c-300x54.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBMaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDjPiT1PK4%2BQnG0bVScUp0UxBPHmEafPPxuoFTsoAkWzwIhAPacJZG3%2BqTtC0GqAOFyeph941mMJcl0ijdZ17rTkYErKsIFCNz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxdy28oWVCRA0Vt0SMqlgVUQErhE2qFePBQCMGZnA%2FmzdnVgB7Kiy7STc7sML4lQcKvOOEbf1877OyZO7sRpqXY6gudkMA0nASd4hMiedylBq%2F05fPZa284K8YxSXjrjX0h48eb0gzK%2BMWrA2QgKscdRfEG2MF%2FMfg3JpbAdcKyiUNvkT%2FiGnkhc1ZzeNFJPqRazOF05MRFQ6QEgWV4u7%2FFtSyEtSbw4a5hk4O%2FbAAZgfcHnJUMuYozO8b%2FSX2RDxmvCRcEL4ZeSx0lU%2Fl4yvHSKb8sPPMXrPTdetVWCqVujDVKl8pFqgehAdGliFbREJog36mc%2BmCP3TIj7PY7JHItVrJ8LRQscvQVfviX%2BmiJK%2FLBwdiy12sQ7UoklV52HTRwyXmVTb7byuMNvoDQYaruaTK8dDfNF3pm%2FVuNy8jMRRSDPjeMwGMbPa1dK4QmtUS3u3ZZlUFBWWf9ebBfP7%2Bm3rqaHbXBdnucCaZtrP9vAQGvfSARtxTFnTMJip%2FIM9wpAUTPDWNMyh12AfSYPr2KQNTBnRIXa3t0LMbRuQwfDkfAtOA9dU2HTTaxu5IGcita0ucXyWE4Cd1VWZdSFDRHMHSnBxk2vWZ2cRgLm%2BME6PK9oM01EmsLTa4ld554E%2BOqjNKRwWgFZmJ0c452FjYYOkLSie3UCjYGzowas5w%2BM8qN8O1AtvFTzAui%2F1%2FAQaQmatutKGk5vWRBs3sSK6z28AS8GU9JS6Pw8doZa%2B0M2p6YMP%2BzDuCRROdxG91SaVUZjhXHgna3TI0q9NpqywGRK2ZfzxL5GuFKhjDSjh0q%2Br0lqfgBGOXNDUslGNq6jWd1qJeNL4cnkLCwTEscY9kBFCX5NUjT7RTWdeZV1orf0Q9lx%2FEuRbmjeDkF5xLrTsmkbHkvlDDltPrPBjqwARpTnSZw7xrqEsUMbKvvmiohaBbYR2h0JUlHl%2B6gziHxrIr%2FkuTAsbyOHz%2FsADHmzoE8PsIP558hUPsncAT80JcHJEGkJBRrkQT94phA%2B8EACcJiBIJKuv%2F2w3Vv0UMm4QVrgBG6uckK7d7uCVUkdt%2B1ra%2FPkFpI2y7e4SCk4NIUBwqzDK7%2BZ3f8UZBvDFwezyDsOqLJC0wfUhdVfJsliKobaTVX6wgF%2By%2BsDxpq3sQ4&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UU7ZJV36S%2F20260509%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260509T022321Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=d100d05f57647bf4bfe5a1d2a3e7c90daed75c5d8fb48064f9d9cc7b1c93615c 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 541px) 85vw, 541px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(i) Name the type of reaction taking place when stearic acid reacts with<br \/>\nsodium hydroxide.<br \/>\n(ii) Explain fully how sodium stearate acts to keep grease and non-polar<br \/>\nsubstances suspended in water during cleaning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Explain what is meant by the terms a) hydrophilic b) hydrophobic. 2. Describe how soap can clean a fat stain from clothing. You should use the following words in your answer: ionic head,\u00a0 \u00a0covalent tail,\u00a0 \u00a0hydrophobic,\u00a0 \u00a0hydrophilic,\u00a0 \u00a0polar,\u00a0 \u00a0non-polar 3. Soap can be produced by the reaction of fats and oils with sodium hydroxide &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/soaps-and-emulsifiers\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Exercise 9:  Soaps and Emulsifiers&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2454,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2454"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions\/188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndsechchemu2hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}