The following questions have been selected to test and consolidate your learning in this area of the CfE Higher syllabus. They will also help you understand the style of question you may encounter in your final exam. The answers for each question can be accessed by clicking to reveal. At the bottom of the section are the relevant homework sheets for this section. The answers can be accessed by clicking the marking guide link. Remember, practice in applying your learning is key to building your confidence and knowledge and improving your eaxm success.

1. The diagram below represents a tRNA molecule.

a) What does part X binds to?
b) What type of bond is part Y?
c) What does part Z binds to?
d) Using the information shown in the diagram, describe two ways in which the structure of a tRNA molecule differs from the structure of a mRNA molecule.

HBiolSheet 1_5

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1. (a) The diagram below shows a section of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.

(i) Name the sugar that is present in mRNA.
(ii) Which base found in mRNA is not shown in the diagram?
(iii) Name two parts of a cell where mRNA is found.

(b) DNA templates are used to produce mRNA molecules.
(i) Identify the names of the DNA bases (A-C) which pair with the RNA bases shown in the table below.

(ii)Apart from free RNA nucleotides and a DNA template, name one other molecule that is essential for mRNA synthesis.
(iii) Describe the part played by an mRNA molecule in the manufacture of a cell protein.

c)  The table below gives some information about proteins.  In your jotter, provide the missing information to correctly complete the table.

2.  The diagram below shows one stage in the synthesis of a protein at a ribosome.

(a) Two types of RNA are visible on the diagram. Name the third type of RNA, not visible on the diagram, and state its role in the cell.
(b) (i) Name this stage in protein synthesis.
(ii) Name bond X.
(iii) The table below shows five codons and their corresponding amino acids.

Use information from the table to identify amino acids 1 and 4.

3.

(a) The diagram below illustrates the two main stages of protein synthesis.

Describe three differences between DNA and mRNA.

(b) Name bases 3, 8 and 11.
(c) Circle a codon in the diagram opposite.
(d) Where in the cytoplasm does stage 2 take place?
(e) Name molecules X and Y.
(f) The newly synthesised protein may be secreted from the cell.
(i) Name the cell structure where the protein would be found just before it enters a secretory vesicle.
(ii) Describe what happens to the protein while it is in this cell structure.

4.  The diagram shows a stage in the synthesis of a protein.

(a) In your jotter, use the appropriate letters to show the sequence of nine bases on the DNA strand from which the mRNA strand shown has been transcribed.
(b) Name organelle Z.
(c) Give the anticodon which would be found on the tRNA carrying amino acid X in the diagram.
(d) Name bond Y.