{"id":30,"date":"2015-03-02T10:48:16","date_gmt":"2015-03-02T10:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/?page_id=30"},"modified":"2026-04-23T12:28:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T12:28:35","slug":"exercise-3_4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/exercise-3_4\/","title":{"rendered":"Exercise 3_4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115535\/Semicinductors-1-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-71\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115535\/Semicinductors-1-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"479\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115535\/Semicinductors-1-3.png 479w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115535\/Semicinductors-1-3-300x278.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115157\/Semiconductors-Q4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-70\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115157\/Semiconductors-Q4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"778\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115157\/Semiconductors-Q4.png 778w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115157\/Semiconductors-Q4-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23115157\/Semiconductors-Q4-768x415.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2015\/03\/Picture2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-35\" src=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2015\/03\/Picture2-845x1024.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&#038;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjELz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDPHKCwai0fYnLETro8qqn1vXmtALaddiR4alHO3QIFpQIhAIv8U8ncSEyKaH0Ht%2FU9r3TKz8oDy%2FbWMPgHBdkyZHiIKsEFCIX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxwO9NDGgPRPA5EEQgqlQVZl0WlSxIRbG9cX6QMupN2KlZLz%2BWuiqoHbxwZ3Oqm0chVnyaKYvkAC%2B%2BffhEFwdMS42L96FwtHNBMjKqZR%2B%2B%2F2jsvSXmuUho7dfbguVRkWrVXnJJQiOGY6RDzEwaIHZi1VapJQF8VUb2xILU6dvSMHO9zuWNqATYPmdxGCASI7Vfp32Qx%2BbKR%2F8HpDl6KfyeRbmYhBYQmuBRohC%2BZfdLO9Gn9tL2u0DBaBecgdPfN5%2BBgoAu2DO0ojC%2FbwYlaOt0LsJWLS2VXT5o3F4t7RZvd9p5ptLCg1SRLjW8rSDbK0OAZVj6zR7Nz9PLvmPHzS%2F0Tc%2BJ%2By3kwBTosToAxFS%2B8FIl7jMe37xhS3FYmAXNkrZ%2FIDVxtJ2GUsBRDXg6IRtR6G0CwPK7atzjA7UDRRoVhPyDZjCdFTPGIrGlbK8GZrubeyDzZAqFqVxFFP7mx72sMsmv5rPpiFXumlFH81npMsy5KdMiumq%2BItPOhs42hmflKunuEKmZQzPVl3jY5dMAUiySJXeDCVaiWbunhkrD1LSosIq2O2l4wl1uu396ZQPR9vT7LTtg5UzArtUSRKNX4yETod03HJfOJZ32zJJaW1F%2BYfFpMdgBkx4jp8d9YUYt3z6%2FacfLb4l%2FI0x0ggA6dHbbslHSJB57tUXNxIOHDuFv3fvMCz0PGQ%2BxSe1wHu0%2BNAKtQAGm1bPsobY%2B3OYii17cN8iFO%2Bv7Gd5NzHWtS3gk3q2s%2BifSc20D36NFcPHqV%2BUEEeKJlHzXYq3xgMtlqssmZuSesVmpukKQwxNEB34SspXc5wVNrIdKa7soI1FTwh8yLIINsOZB3IloJwWENCK65kJHFTpMBhty72tC7xgswbyUdPvC2yk9Mrx81itBaZWsgMM2Jr88GOrABNrU18VLsWEwmqHef2LN92tkVtkuzW7sAdGY8NKLLXbmu43sL0zpcceHnlyHoMQOoEQb20Dxn73LUfSBTKoA2%2FKk%2BVah9TggbaZSRosD1YpALeMm48bkPrVyuqitn%2Fj%2BxsPK2FLnlE2%2BxqT31nkYKXmO21on4qh9jFNfRXYGvXSmF1wefXK30giKOFCNCooPkH449W9PBN4iUTgWI%2FMZjgIrFCdSS%2Bk8%2F6oq4H00hNe8%3D&#038;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&#038;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UYXCQIFNV%2F20260424%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&#038;X-Amz-Date=20260424T195614Z&#038;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&#038;X-Amz-Expires=900&#038;X-Amz-Signature=c3cb86cd422b39b4017d21ad56b22762654551cb296edf8c069f548c56a6b708\" alt=\"Picture2\" width=\"695\" height=\"842\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2015\/03\/Picture2-845x1024.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjELz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDPHKCwai0fYnLETro8qqn1vXmtALaddiR4alHO3QIFpQIhAIv8U8ncSEyKaH0Ht%2FU9r3TKz8oDy%2FbWMPgHBdkyZHiIKsEFCIX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxwO9NDGgPRPA5EEQgqlQVZl0WlSxIRbG9cX6QMupN2KlZLz%2BWuiqoHbxwZ3Oqm0chVnyaKYvkAC%2B%2BffhEFwdMS42L96FwtHNBMjKqZR%2B%2B%2F2jsvSXmuUho7dfbguVRkWrVXnJJQiOGY6RDzEwaIHZi1VapJQF8VUb2xILU6dvSMHO9zuWNqATYPmdxGCASI7Vfp32Qx%2BbKR%2F8HpDl6KfyeRbmYhBYQmuBRohC%2BZfdLO9Gn9tL2u0DBaBecgdPfN5%2BBgoAu2DO0ojC%2FbwYlaOt0LsJWLS2VXT5o3F4t7RZvd9p5ptLCg1SRLjW8rSDbK0OAZVj6zR7Nz9PLvmPHzS%2F0Tc%2BJ%2By3kwBTosToAxFS%2B8FIl7jMe37xhS3FYmAXNkrZ%2FIDVxtJ2GUsBRDXg6IRtR6G0CwPK7atzjA7UDRRoVhPyDZjCdFTPGIrGlbK8GZrubeyDzZAqFqVxFFP7mx72sMsmv5rPpiFXumlFH81npMsy5KdMiumq%2BItPOhs42hmflKunuEKmZQzPVl3jY5dMAUiySJXeDCVaiWbunhkrD1LSosIq2O2l4wl1uu396ZQPR9vT7LTtg5UzArtUSRKNX4yETod03HJfOJZ32zJJaW1F%2BYfFpMdgBkx4jp8d9YUYt3z6%2FacfLb4l%2FI0x0ggA6dHbbslHSJB57tUXNxIOHDuFv3fvMCz0PGQ%2BxSe1wHu0%2BNAKtQAGm1bPsobY%2B3OYii17cN8iFO%2Bv7Gd5NzHWtS3gk3q2s%2BifSc20D36NFcPHqV%2BUEEeKJlHzXYq3xgMtlqssmZuSesVmpukKQwxNEB34SspXc5wVNrIdKa7soI1FTwh8yLIINsOZB3IloJwWENCK65kJHFTpMBhty72tC7xgswbyUdPvC2yk9Mrx81itBaZWsgMM2Jr88GOrABNrU18VLsWEwmqHef2LN92tkVtkuzW7sAdGY8NKLLXbmu43sL0zpcceHnlyHoMQOoEQb20Dxn73LUfSBTKoA2%2FKk%2BVah9TggbaZSRosD1YpALeMm48bkPrVyuqitn%2Fj%2BxsPK2FLnlE2%2BxqT31nkYKXmO21on4qh9jFNfRXYGvXSmF1wefXK30giKOFCNCooPkH449W9PBN4iUTgWI%2FMZjgIrFCdSS%2Bk8%2F6oq4H00hNe8%3D&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UYXCQIFNV%2F20260424%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260424T195614Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=c3cb86cd422b39b4017d21ad56b22762654551cb296edf8c069f548c56a6b708 845w, https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2015\/03\/Picture2-247x300.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjELz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDPHKCwai0fYnLETro8qqn1vXmtALaddiR4alHO3QIFpQIhAIv8U8ncSEyKaH0Ht%2FU9r3TKz8oDy%2FbWMPgHBdkyZHiIKsEFCIX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBRoMMjczNTcwMTk1NDMzIgxwO9NDGgPRPA5EEQgqlQVZl0WlSxIRbG9cX6QMupN2KlZLz%2BWuiqoHbxwZ3Oqm0chVnyaKYvkAC%2B%2BffhEFwdMS42L96FwtHNBMjKqZR%2B%2B%2F2jsvSXmuUho7dfbguVRkWrVXnJJQiOGY6RDzEwaIHZi1VapJQF8VUb2xILU6dvSMHO9zuWNqATYPmdxGCASI7Vfp32Qx%2BbKR%2F8HpDl6KfyeRbmYhBYQmuBRohC%2BZfdLO9Gn9tL2u0DBaBecgdPfN5%2BBgoAu2DO0ojC%2FbwYlaOt0LsJWLS2VXT5o3F4t7RZvd9p5ptLCg1SRLjW8rSDbK0OAZVj6zR7Nz9PLvmPHzS%2F0Tc%2BJ%2By3kwBTosToAxFS%2B8FIl7jMe37xhS3FYmAXNkrZ%2FIDVxtJ2GUsBRDXg6IRtR6G0CwPK7atzjA7UDRRoVhPyDZjCdFTPGIrGlbK8GZrubeyDzZAqFqVxFFP7mx72sMsmv5rPpiFXumlFH81npMsy5KdMiumq%2BItPOhs42hmflKunuEKmZQzPVl3jY5dMAUiySJXeDCVaiWbunhkrD1LSosIq2O2l4wl1uu396ZQPR9vT7LTtg5UzArtUSRKNX4yETod03HJfOJZ32zJJaW1F%2BYfFpMdgBkx4jp8d9YUYt3z6%2FacfLb4l%2FI0x0ggA6dHbbslHSJB57tUXNxIOHDuFv3fvMCz0PGQ%2BxSe1wHu0%2BNAKtQAGm1bPsobY%2B3OYii17cN8iFO%2Bv7Gd5NzHWtS3gk3q2s%2BifSc20D36NFcPHqV%2BUEEeKJlHzXYq3xgMtlqssmZuSesVmpukKQwxNEB34SspXc5wVNrIdKa7soI1FTwh8yLIINsOZB3IloJwWENCK65kJHFTpMBhty72tC7xgswbyUdPvC2yk9Mrx81itBaZWsgMM2Jr88GOrABNrU18VLsWEwmqHef2LN92tkVtkuzW7sAdGY8NKLLXbmu43sL0zpcceHnlyHoMQOoEQb20Dxn73LUfSBTKoA2%2FKk%2BVah9TggbaZSRosD1YpALeMm48bkPrVyuqitn%2Fj%2BxsPK2FLnlE2%2BxqT31nkYKXmO21on4qh9jFNfRXYGvXSmF1wefXK30giKOFCNCooPkH449W9PBN4iUTgWI%2FMZjgIrFCdSS%2Bk8%2F6oq4H00hNe8%3D&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UYXCQIFNV%2F20260424%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260424T195614Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=01d5a59d4192f57b0ffb4133fd91fbc7e27f9271e8d74a20ae67ed5969961a15 247w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2015\/03\/Picture2.jpg 991w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23121509\/p-n-junction.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-73\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23121509\/p-n-junction.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"478\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23121509\/p-n-junction.png 478w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23121509\/p-n-junction-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122014\/forward-bias.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-74\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122014\/forward-bias.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122014\/forward-bias.png 482w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122014\/forward-bias-300x281.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122352\/Doping.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-75\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122352\/Doping.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"447\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122352\/Doping.png 447w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/uploads\/sites\/5113\/2026\/04\/23122352\/Doping-300x90.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2454,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2454"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30\/revisions\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/hyndlandsecphyshu3hwrk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}