1. | C |
2. | B |
3. | D |
4. | B |
5. | C |
6. | C |
7. | B |
8. | B |
9. | C |
10. | C |
11. | C |
12. | |
13. | |
14. | |
15. | |
16. | |
17. | |
18. | |
A sodium ion is formed by loss of a single, outer electron, leading to a reduction in the number of occupied energy levels / shells. 2,8,1 becomes 2,8.
A chlorine atom is formed by the addition of a further electron, filling the outer energy level/ shell. 2,8,7 becomes 2,8,8. The chlorine ion has 3 occupied energy levels/ shells, the sodium has only two. |
|
19. | |
As the size of the ion increases, the enthalpy of lattice formation decreases | |
20. | |