{"id":1180,"date":"2020-09-22T13:31:31","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T12:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/?page_id=443"},"modified":"2020-11-11T11:47:01","modified_gmt":"2020-11-11T11:47:01","slug":"glossary-art-design","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/glossary-art-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary of Art & Design Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n Art & Design Glossary <\/h3>\n
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Abstract\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nArtwork where objects have been changed or modified so that they no longer look realistic. An abstract work of art does, however, use a recognisable object as its reference, origin or inspiration. E.g. Picasso is known for his abstract work.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Armature\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nA basic structure on which a sculpture is built.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Colour\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nIn art and design, colour allows us to create our own individuality and flare. Colour can be used to evoke certain moods or to create a message or sharp response in the viewer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Useful information on colour:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Colour wheel: <\/b>a tool for organising colour that shows the visible light spectrum organised in a circular format; a tool that helps to chart relationships between colours (hues). On a colour wheel, the primary colours of magenta red, yellow, and cyan (turquoise) blue are the fundamental hues from which a great number of other colours can be mixed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Primary colours: <\/b>Red, yellow and blue-the 3 pigment colours that cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other colours. All colours are derived from these three.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Secondary colours: <\/b>Green, orange and purple-the colours formed by mixing the primary colours. Magenta red and cyan (turquoise) blue make violet. Yellow and cyan blue make green. Magenta red and yellow make orange.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Tertiary Colours: <\/b>Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue purple, blue-purple and yellow-green. These are the colours formed by mixing a primary and a secondary colour. That\u2019s why the hue is a two word name.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Complimentary Colours: <\/b>pairs of colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel, e.g. yellow\/purple. These colours create a strong contrast when placed beside each other. When mixing these colours they will generally form a shade of brown\/black.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Harmonious colours: <\/b>4 or 5 colours that are close together on the colour wheel are harmonious. E.g. blue, blue-green, green, green-yellow, they all have green as a common primary colour.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Neutral Colours: <\/b>black, white, grey and brown are considered to be neutral colours because (theoretically) neither warm nor cold colours.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Tints: <\/b>colours obtained by adding white to a hue to lighten it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Tones: <\/b>degree of lightness and darkness of any colour and is used to create various effects e.g. light and shadow, depth, form, mood and atmosphere.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Composition\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nIn the visual arts, composition is the placement of arrangements of the visual elements or \u2018ingredients\u2019 in a work of art. The term composition means \u2018putting together\u2019 and can apply to any work of art.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Contrast\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nDesign principles that emphasise differences between the art elements. E.g. a painting that has bright and dull colours which contrast or angular shapes that contrast with rounded shapes. Sharp contrast draws attention and can direct the viewer to a focal point within a work of art.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Depth\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe actual dimension of depth within an artwork or the illusion of making objects appear closer or further away and making a two-dimensional image seem 3- dimensional.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dimensional\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nMeasurement in one direction\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2D Two dimensional- an art work with the two dimensions of length and width.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3D Three dimensional- an art work which has the three dimensions of length, width and depth.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Design\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nA design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object, or is the result of that plan or specification in the form of a product. The verb to design expresses the process of developing a design. A design usually has to satisfy certain goals.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elements (of art)\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe basic components or tools of visual communication: line, space, shape\/form, value, colour and texture.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe element of art which refers to the 3-dimensional quality or qualities of an artwork.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Line\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe element of art which refers to the mark(s) made on a surface by a moving implement, e.g. a pencil, felt tips, crayons, pen and brush each of which possesses individual line-making characteristics. The element of line has a huge range of qualities and expressive possibilities: curved, diagonal, dotted, straight, wavy, zigzag, thick, thin etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Media\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nMaterials used to produce an artwork, e.g. paint, clay, fibres, ink etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modelling\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe process of producing sculptured forms. It is an additive process, as opposed to carving. Materials used for modelling include, clay and air drying clay, plasticine, play doh (bought or home made), wires, Modroc, tinfoil etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monochromatic\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nA colour scheme that uses one colour and all of the tones, tints and hues that derive from that colour.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Papier-m\u00e2ch\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nA medium that can be used to create sculptures. It uses paper or rags dipped in wallpaper paste which are placed over an armature to create a sculpture.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oil pastels\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nMedia with similar colour pigments to chalk pastels but have an oil and wax composition.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pastels\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nSometimes referred to as chalk pastels, these are created when pigments are pressed into sticks and are used as a dry medium on paper. Pastels are available as flat or round chalk like sticks or as pastel pencils.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pattern\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRepetition of an element of art, e.g. shapes, lines or colours, to achieve decoration or ornamentation. Patterns also occur naturally in the environment e.g. snowflakes, honeycomb, spiral patterns in shells, wave patterns.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perspective\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe art of representing 3 dimensional objects on a 2-dimensional surface so as to give the impression of their height, depth and position in relation to each other.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Linear perspective deals with drawing and atmospheric perspective attempts to use colour and value changes to get the effect of distance.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Portrait\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nA painting, drawing, photograph or engraving of a person. The main purpose of a portrait is to communicate a likeness of an individual or group of individuals.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Printmaking\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe process of reproducing images on flat surface. Prints are created by transferring ink or paint from an object to a sheet of paper or other material, by a variety of techniques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Different printing techniques include:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Relief printing <\/b>– where a printing block, plate or matrix has ink\/paint applied to its surface and brought into contact with paper or another surface. (e.g. rubber stamps, potato printing, foam printing, printing with shapes\/blocks etc. \uf0b7 Intaglio printing – which is the opposite of relief, where the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken areas hold the ink. \uf0b7 Stencil-silkscreen – where ink\/paint is transferred onto a surface, except to the areas which are made impermeable by a blocking stencil<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Process\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe creative journey leading to the creation of a piece of artwork. The \u2018process\u2019 of the formation of art; the gathering, sorting, collating, associating and the actions (the actual doing). Process art is an artistic movement and a creative sentiment where the end product of art is not the principle focus.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Product\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe completed artwork made as a result of the process of creating.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Product-focussed art is when a child begins a project knowing what the end product should look like and follows a set of instructions to get to their goal.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Proportion\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe relationship in size of one component of an artwork to another.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shape\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nElement of art which refers to an enclosed area of a 2D or 3D space that is defined by its external edge. Shapes can be regular like a square or cube, or irregular, that is an undefined shape. A shape can be created in art by enclosing an area with a line or by changing values in colours, forms or other elements of art.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Space\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nElement of art that refers to the perceived distance or areas around, between and within components of a piece. Artworks can deal with actual physical space or the illusion of space (depth). Space can be positive or negative, open or closed, shallow or deep and two-dimensional or three-dimensional.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Surface\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nIn the context of art, the surface is the uppermost layer of a thing. The surface determines how a colour is reflected, absorbed or scattered, depending upon its texture. Artwork can be created on a huge variety of surfaces, e.g. paper, fabric, canvas, plaster, concrete, glass, wood, tarmac (playground area) etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Textiles\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nArtworks that are created from natural or manmade fibres. Weaving, basketry, sewing and knitting are a few examples of the processes involved in textile design.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Texture\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nElement of art that refers to the perceived surface quality, or \u2018feel\u2019 of an object. Textures can be described as rough, smooth, soft, jaggy etc. Artworks can deal with the actual physical texture of a surface or the illusion of a texture, depending on the aim of the artist.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Value\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe lightness or darkness of tones or colours. White is the lightest value and black is the darkest.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Watercolour\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTransparent, water-based paint.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Weaving\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThe process of crossing one group threads, the weft, with a second groups of threads, the warp, to make cloth or decorative artwork. Examples of different materials that can be used to create artwork using weaving techniques are fibres, threads, raffia, wool, ribbon, paper etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Art & Design Glossary Abstract\u00a0 Artwork where objects have been changed or modified so that they no longer look realistic. An abstract work of art does, however, use a recognisable object as its reference, origin or inspiration. E.g. Picasso is known for his abstract work.\u00a0 Armature\u00a0 A basic structure on which a sculpture is built.\u00a0 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10538,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-builder.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1180","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10538"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1180"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1192,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1180\/revisions\/1192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/createresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}