{"id":111,"date":"2017-03-07T12:08:08","date_gmt":"2017-03-07T12:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/?page_id=111"},"modified":"2017-03-07T14:58:33","modified_gmt":"2017-03-07T14:58:33","slug":"quantum-physics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/quantum-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantum Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><u>Quantum Physics<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1.(a) Explain qualitatively how the Bohr Model of the atom can account for line\u00a0emission spectra.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) It is possible to calculate a de Broglie wavelength for a moving object.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A ball of mass 45g has a speed of 68ms<sup>-1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(I) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for the ball.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Explain why wave-like properties are not observed for the ball.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>(a) State what is meant by the Uncertainty Principle in relation to the position and\u00a0momentum of a subatomic particle.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) An athlete has a mass of 70 kg. At the finish line the position of the athlete has an uncertainty of 1.0 x 10<sup>-3 <\/sup>m. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the momentum of the athlete at the finish line.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(c) It takes about 1.6 X 10<sup>-13 <\/sup>J of energy to create an electron-positron pair.<\/p>\n<p>For what approximate period of time can this amount of energy be borrowed before it has to be paid back by electron-positron annihilation?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>(a) Bohr\u2019s model of the hydrogen atom includes assumptions about the orbiting electron. One of these is that the electron moves in a circular orbit centred on the nucleus.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(j) State briefly one of the other assumptions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) By considering the electron as a point mass m travelling around the nucleus, show that the radii of the allowed orbits r<sub>n<\/sub> are given by<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-124\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"117\" height=\"58\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>where the symbols have their usual meanings.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(iii) Calculate the speed of an electron in the first allowed orbit of radius 5.3 x 10<sup>-11 <\/sup>m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) Planck and Einstein suggested that electromagnetic radiation exhibits a wave-particle duality. De Broglie extended this idea to matter.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(i) Write down an expression for the wavelength \u03bb associated with a particle that has a momentum of magnitude p.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) (A) A woman of mass 50kg walks through a doorway at a speed of 1.5 ms<sup>-1<\/sup>. Calculate her de Broglie wavelength.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(B) Explain why the effect of diffraction is negligible when the woman passes through the doorway.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>(a) Electrons can exhibit wave-like behaviour. Give one example of evidence which supports this statement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom suggests a nucleus with an electron occupying one of a series of stable orbits.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A nucleus and the first two stable orbits are shown below.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-120\" src=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model-300x221.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&#038;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJHMEUCIB4wCVyVZdlL%2F2GZEn5yvWVuyt1pKURkxk6IQ%2BDPNzLZAiEA3Vq9HXsyKU8f5lFhpl0I5d6rIhPZoWaX4Qk4oP51aKgqwQUIp%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwyNzM1NzAxOTU0MzMiDBzJLyY3YhlPR9MbTiqVBXVe7zUeVav3VJgERopAEOxQHqIwxiJ0n80frfSFAyIiPIq1m1KxruZVSNN4O70t2aVY%2F8OGDDG2Fm1LY2tkKTi2HkD8WnUEXQd1X7CoiW%2FXtZ6LsTDwsB%2FoDqD1mSa4CJHBwn21aiNz5G2pMUDK%2BRsT2s%2B4XNneUphGfNqGVlRvica06%2BrOiMLGsIaMuIEc%2BpWp%2BXFOTIuCd%2FA7HdsVZ3n8GMow3nidGPogq8KDr57ByYr7uzqGrr9b4tpZExENwIU%2BYx5%2F32eIn9tc2DIKjuB%2FRy%2B4fuEsfKTyttVoC98mLkRaxikFAZpMBl9mZzoqjkcIx%2BpgbEKXg%2Fs6zrjwbqucynsvM6cs6fUAQ0nmftnfpYvLRYxfAu6uQ7VUN8Jg%2Ftd968WDuvPxJexqWpe191aTzoDkXB8xO20%2Bqn0%2BvkKVfu4nacWfn8gRff1TROo6WnR8%2FKoMiwUKhmXd%2Fs2K7tr5zlmynZlk7FwzRSIJIOdL4i6trtwBDiuCK0YxHtP%2BtWf%2BSh1UEq5uzoDHBc8VFQqKPhe9xu5hsdXZymT6ac7J0VwNxjwLaDSxJP3LJagUR7%2FERm2zB2qnnid3Fhtp6TScsNggBDx1ym0GjRWYgVJ4HxTMf6k4%2Bj7XrSTn9zDVaSszUzuiag%2Fbbe%2FYNsMeA40ebwqPpj72XaiqwScOTIfnwru4G4beSDdabegX7A%2FWNM3qnEJT0%2Bd0rsOXqSQONqLU5fFif%2B0yp2TlbDWQQKt5kYhuoyTBzcgE8xraiHOXPEBCnYb6g7%2FpnAdvYGpYAsSjN9tS%2F3PFFqA9C3h7VVy5sisvnW1mnTlxAlUdZOX%2BR8W%2BD2gNPYWEBO91qaBmswNErVv%2B0ixLovC%2FNgqhgE7r417QF2ww092X0QY6sQFB6TL1wnEuNwJmOGMLTN22zS2LJj0uDB8GFxxg2Ws%2FkaEQ9H3RdQ9idP4w%2BKbWyZUtAERzRSDaKLbAO6ldwLnyRlKnKWx6nB2wJG63pdO9tm2ackiFcmF6dKS2CAJLE2mDK1BLd7Ic3PPX73oGnobcU1Kof337EkLQOGCmlR3zNNE5cxq9QmubgUPI76j%2Bx0eUfal4rzLMVLrwAuqicsxvTo%2Bo3Ut%2B4s2xwBhzqEp9hnU%3D&#038;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&#038;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UYC7BXE2O%2F20260607%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&#038;X-Amz-Date=20260607T225032Z&#038;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&#038;X-Amz-Expires=900&#038;X-Amz-Signature=de266f9b82af7ba11239913e834ba8d3291d153edce7fec59a73c65a812354cf\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model-300x221.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJHMEUCIB4wCVyVZdlL%2F2GZEn5yvWVuyt1pKURkxk6IQ%2BDPNzLZAiEA3Vq9HXsyKU8f5lFhpl0I5d6rIhPZoWaX4Qk4oP51aKgqwQUIp%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwyNzM1NzAxOTU0MzMiDBzJLyY3YhlPR9MbTiqVBXVe7zUeVav3VJgERopAEOxQHqIwxiJ0n80frfSFAyIiPIq1m1KxruZVSNN4O70t2aVY%2F8OGDDG2Fm1LY2tkKTi2HkD8WnUEXQd1X7CoiW%2FXtZ6LsTDwsB%2FoDqD1mSa4CJHBwn21aiNz5G2pMUDK%2BRsT2s%2B4XNneUphGfNqGVlRvica06%2BrOiMLGsIaMuIEc%2BpWp%2BXFOTIuCd%2FA7HdsVZ3n8GMow3nidGPogq8KDr57ByYr7uzqGrr9b4tpZExENwIU%2BYx5%2F32eIn9tc2DIKjuB%2FRy%2B4fuEsfKTyttVoC98mLkRaxikFAZpMBl9mZzoqjkcIx%2BpgbEKXg%2Fs6zrjwbqucynsvM6cs6fUAQ0nmftnfpYvLRYxfAu6uQ7VUN8Jg%2Ftd968WDuvPxJexqWpe191aTzoDkXB8xO20%2Bqn0%2BvkKVfu4nacWfn8gRff1TROo6WnR8%2FKoMiwUKhmXd%2Fs2K7tr5zlmynZlk7FwzRSIJIOdL4i6trtwBDiuCK0YxHtP%2BtWf%2BSh1UEq5uzoDHBc8VFQqKPhe9xu5hsdXZymT6ac7J0VwNxjwLaDSxJP3LJagUR7%2FERm2zB2qnnid3Fhtp6TScsNggBDx1ym0GjRWYgVJ4HxTMf6k4%2Bj7XrSTn9zDVaSszUzuiag%2Fbbe%2FYNsMeA40ebwqPpj72XaiqwScOTIfnwru4G4beSDdabegX7A%2FWNM3qnEJT0%2Bd0rsOXqSQONqLU5fFif%2B0yp2TlbDWQQKt5kYhuoyTBzcgE8xraiHOXPEBCnYb6g7%2FpnAdvYGpYAsSjN9tS%2F3PFFqA9C3h7VVy5sisvnW1mnTlxAlUdZOX%2BR8W%2BD2gNPYWEBO91qaBmswNErVv%2B0ixLovC%2FNgqhgE7r417QF2ww092X0QY6sQFB6TL1wnEuNwJmOGMLTN22zS2LJj0uDB8GFxxg2Ws%2FkaEQ9H3RdQ9idP4w%2BKbWyZUtAERzRSDaKLbAO6ldwLnyRlKnKWx6nB2wJG63pdO9tm2ackiFcmF6dKS2CAJLE2mDK1BLd7Ic3PPX73oGnobcU1Kof337EkLQOGCmlR3zNNE5cxq9QmubgUPI76j%2Bx0eUfal4rzLMVLrwAuqicsxvTo%2Bo3Ut%2B4s2xwBhzqEp9hnU%3D&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UYC7BXE2O%2F20260607%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260607T225032Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=de266f9b82af7ba11239913e834ba8d3291d153edce7fec59a73c65a812354cf 300w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model.png 612w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(i) Calculate the angular momentum of the electron in the second stable orbit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Starting with the relationship<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-126\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"144\" height=\"59\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>show that the circumference of the second stable orbit is equal to two electron wavelengths.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(iii) The circumference of the second stable orbit is 1.3 x 10<sup>-9<\/sup> m. Calculate the speed of the electron in this orbit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quantum Physics &nbsp; 1.(a) Explain qualitatively how the Bohr Model of the atom can account for line\u00a0emission spectra. &nbsp; (b) It is possible to calculate a de Broglie wavelength for a moving object. &nbsp; A ball of mass 45g has a speed of 68ms-1. &nbsp; (I) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for the ball. &nbsp; &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/quantum-physics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Quantum Physics<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6460,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-111","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6460"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions\/127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}