{"id":111,"date":"2017-03-07T12:08:08","date_gmt":"2017-03-07T12:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/?page_id=111"},"modified":"2017-03-07T14:58:33","modified_gmt":"2017-03-07T14:58:33","slug":"quantum-physics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/quantum-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantum Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><u>Quantum Physics<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1.(a) Explain qualitatively how the Bohr Model of the atom can account for line\u00a0emission spectra.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) It is possible to calculate a de Broglie wavelength for a moving object.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A ball of mass 45g has a speed of 68ms<sup>-1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(I) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for the ball.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Explain why wave-like properties are not observed for the ball.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>(a) State what is meant by the Uncertainty Principle in relation to the position and\u00a0momentum of a subatomic particle.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) An athlete has a mass of 70 kg. At the finish line the position of the athlete has an uncertainty of 1.0 x 10<sup>-3 <\/sup>m. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the momentum of the athlete at the finish line.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(c) It takes about 1.6 X 10<sup>-13 <\/sup>J of energy to create an electron-positron pair.<\/p>\n<p>For what approximate period of time can this amount of energy be borrowed before it has to be paid back by electron-positron annihilation?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>(a) Bohr\u2019s model of the hydrogen atom includes assumptions about the orbiting electron. One of these is that the electron moves in a circular orbit centred on the nucleus.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(j) State briefly one of the other assumptions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) By considering the electron as a point mass m travelling around the nucleus, show that the radii of the allowed orbits r<sub>n<\/sub> are given by<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-124\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"117\" height=\"58\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>where the symbols have their usual meanings.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(iii) Calculate the speed of an electron in the first allowed orbit of radius 5.3 x 10<sup>-11 <\/sup>m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) Planck and Einstein suggested that electromagnetic radiation exhibits a wave-particle duality. De Broglie extended this idea to matter.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(i) Write down an expression for the wavelength \u03bb associated with a particle that has a momentum of magnitude p.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) (A) A woman of mass 50kg walks through a doorway at a speed of 1.5 ms<sup>-1<\/sup>. Calculate her de Broglie wavelength.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(B) Explain why the effect of diffraction is negligible when the woman passes through the doorway.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>(a) Electrons can exhibit wave-like behaviour. Give one example of evidence which supports this statement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom suggests a nucleus with an electron occupying one of a series of stable orbits.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A nucleus and the first two stable orbits are shown below.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-120\" 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srcset=\"https:\/\/glow-prod-gc.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model-300x221.png?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEFAaCWV1LXdlc3QtMSJHMEUCIAbAMLgk2A8f1LON%2B5zkq45sM%2BvO%2B0n%2FamnrvD66J%2FNzAiEArkX1p4PzKmZQ6bjngWgyGFsSubWTNsaeHl6wOt%2BTj7cquQUIGRAFGgwyNzM1NzAxOTU0MzMiDL0xQxqmnnYBHRxt4SqWBbdfjy4Fa9Dp1hXXYdoS2RTHWQxiSU%2FVAAtce7vggXS0sfmY%2BQ34VpYzin%2FH3pDJvX7g8lGJceMwC6n0sLFk5e9rBDYeOb7HP4ad4lds3BJHPcYCTAzLEARSHuMw76cF87lUp13ips%2F6XagN85qKk5AuWvwAYl%2BRdRnAZOg0SUbgGmGj4QLwp0e%2FKGsdz0UniM24QqbsKoCZC8aUti4g%2Fe2h261kUOkv3dtNxLFn9nGaiQ6Xflbkkbi0kY2l7FicN3B8AOsOhBFBENJyknWVbTjez9dOclm4Knta5fIdEjUJL8wnUeHonmtjWx%2Fpg659UJXjqLoNQMMev7k%2FIVrDVfV8OaXhRjeNCxW3qxh67v8qWvfY2DFuxvHPmLbZC70I6E042p5Sg7FR86fXGnISsoWTtVU0koKXOSjp9yVtlP4qQSKBaM5lsMF%2BJHHnvpF3EdckTsLqgpaREELW4jrzx7y4cfDpL35awUEIc5X%2F6R1bRNT%2BkxKpVZDSe2eQP1opE7AvoCn3pJpnqVFCcDudpwxKOvCRPtKooXKlybIWU8m1wgK8nE6RWHOnCepN0bM2i0iSMhcMpxHDb4A%2BekEG%2FkcJ%2B8ccz%2BUauYqXmImdlXfTenYbg9Nfqe2m553RMt7eC7yiKHSiv%2BhaA8u%2F4Uf5Kk6MpjfwsPqbLN9%2Bq2yCI0KggxOFSaG51T7w6Aw6OKT9emq31cTX8Y5FvOAY9JMcrajyZzrne2mffITeS3UVh8oVg8bsaR8kRMsKki%2BRD6iub%2F3zTvxvj%2BUXJSEdiQy8%2B4DQ79jGYiZ%2FC17t%2FO8PKb7IW%2BEHHiqD893A6dH1jzX5OMfVddsHmb3utzJvUdQCGifs4SrB4%2F612d8x8hzn%2FpELQwLTjhktMKn9i9cGOrEBO5RwRDv9aO2N1j0KeiKdXr%2BjgGFtTySaGMmAQH7yXaUk%2BtHTQAGGts3Pw0PNLENZvfRrCEN2w0ANqa%2B8n5HrYwV2nthhY6YFZheQd1Ztvyu%2BQIXVmWQCs3bkZZAQ%2FkPE%2F2fF62ggonqrO9PtIpCM7SPOtyoRBhZHCYbkQZVAHjy5CY7GRzuY6tRC0JRIR3AhLrv6aC4P40PeIo1lEGMqsorYigmsftpQSmOGWwL2uCRU&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAT7MQN47UQBKDGHSF%2F20261029%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20261029T080803Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=900&amp;X-Amz-Signature=be0ad1eb17264e0981ee6352db30c795b09782069816f53c2066136eb80d4801 300w, https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Bohr-model.png 612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(i) Calculate the angular momentum of the electron in the second stable orbit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Starting with the relationship<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-126\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/public\/advancedhigher\/uploads\/sites\/6425\/2017\/03\/Capture-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"144\" height=\"59\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>show that the circumference of the second stable orbit is equal to two electron wavelengths.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(iii) The circumference of the second stable orbit is 1.3 x 10<sup>-9<\/sup> m. Calculate the speed of the electron in this orbit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quantum Physics &nbsp; 1.(a) Explain qualitatively how the Bohr Model of the atom can account for line\u00a0emission spectra. &nbsp; (b) It is possible to calculate a de Broglie wavelength for a moving object. &nbsp; A ball of mass 45g has a speed of 68ms-1. &nbsp; (I) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for the ball. &nbsp; &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/quantum-physics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Quantum Physics<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6460,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-111","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6460"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions\/127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.glowscotland.org.uk\/gc\/advancedhigher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}